Surface Processes & Landscapes

Question 1

What is occurring in Chemical Weathering?

Answer 1

The process where rocks & minerals break down through chemical reactions. It forms new materials and weakens rock structures. (rust, acid rain)

Question 2

Where is the best place for chemical weathering?

Answer 2

warm, humid climates

Question 3

What is occurring in physical weathering?

Answer 3

when rocks break down without changing their chemical composition (

Question 4

Where is the best place for physical weathering?

Answer 4

climates where temperature varies

Question 5

What is the force behind most erosional agents?

Answer 5

gravity

Question 6

What is the number one agent of erosion into V shaped alleys?

Answer 6

Streams

Question 7

What does stream velocity depend on?

Answer 7

slope (gradient) and discharge (volume)

Question 8

True or False: Water is faster on the outside of a curve.

Answer 8

TRUE! this is where most erosion happens. Most deposition happens on the inside of a curve where it is moving slowest.

Question 9

What is meant by horizontal sorting?

Answer 9

the process where sediment particles of different sizes settle out in a horizontal layer
big, dense, round fall out first (think of a stream)

Question 10

What is meant by vertical sorting?

Answer 10

the process where sediment particles of different sizes settle and deposit in layers within a river channel or other sedimentary environment, with larger particles settling first at the bottom and smaller particles settling on top, creating a distinct vertical layering based on their size and density due to varying water flow velocities
(Think of a pond)

Question 11

How does a glacier make the landscape look?

Answer 11

leave sediments unsorted and scratched (striated_ and care out a U-shaped valley

Question 12

How does an arid (dry) climate affect the shape of the land?

Answer 12

steep slopes, no vegetation, thin soil

Question 13

How does a moist (wet) climate affect the shape of the land?

Answer 13

rounded hills, vegetation, thicker soil

Question 14

True or False- Physical Weathering decreases surface area to decrease chemical weathering

Answer 14

FALSE
Physical weathering INCREASES surface area to INCREASE chemical weathering

Question 15

Which layer (or horizon) has the most organic material?

Answer 15

Horizon A (TOP Layer)

Question 16

How do mountains form?

Answer 16

by uplifting, folding and faulting

Question 17

What does dynamic equalibrium mean?

Answer 17

a balance between 2 forces

Question 18

What are some agents of physical weathering?

Answer 18

frost action, plant roots, burrowing animals, abrasion (streams), wind

Question 19

What is the difference between transported soil and residual soil?

Answer 19

transported soil is soil that has been moved from its original location by natural agents like wind, water, or glaciers, while residual soil is formed directly from the weathering of bedrock at its original location, remaining on top of the parent rock.

Question 20

How do glaciers and running water shape the land?

Answer 20

Glaciers shape the land primarily through erosion by “plucking” and “abrasion,” where they scrape and pull rocks from the bedrock as they move, carving out features like U-shaped valleys, while running water shapes the land by eroding material through its flow, creating V-shaped valleys, canyons, and other features depending on the water’s force and the terrain it encounters;