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CIP Level 1 Section 11 > Surface Prep Instrumentation > Flashcards

Surface Prep Instrumentation Flashcards

1
Q

It is essential to 1___ the level of contaminants on a surface prior to coating to ensure that optimum coating quality and 2___ are achieved.

A
  1. Measure

2. Lifetime.

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2
Q

If a coating is applied to a contaminated, improperly prepared surface it could fail prematurely resulting in 1___ ___ and high 2___ ___.

A
  1. Costly recoating.

2. Maintenance Costs

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3
Q

Surface Contamination from salts such as 1___, ___ and ___ has been shown to lead to blistering of 2____ ____ particularly in 3___ ___.

A
  1. Chlorides, Sulfates and Nitrates.
  2. Organic Coatings.
  3. Immersion Conditions.
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4
Q

Soluble salts are __-___ and require tests to determine their presence.

A

Non visible.

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5
Q

Although Soluble Salts are termed soluble they are not really very soluble at all. True or False?

A

True.

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6
Q

You can determine the presence of soluble salts by visual inspection. True or False?

A

False

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7
Q

These deposits on steel come from acid rain, marine spray, chemical processes, splash, spillage and immersion?

A

Water Soluble salts.

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8
Q

If water soluble salts remain on the bare substrate after surface prep they can 1____ ___ from the atmosphere and form 2___ ___.

A
  1. Absorb Moisture.

2. Corrosion Cells.

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9
Q

A corrosion cell can remain active on a substrate after the 1___ is ___ and lead to premature coating failure.

This can be even more critical if the steel is severely pitted required a combination of 2 ___ ___ __ and 3 ___ ___ ___, followed by 4 ___ ___ ___ to reduce the amount of contamination to a more desirable level.

A
  1. Coating is applied.
  2. Wet Abrasive Blasting.
  3. High pressure WJ.
  4. Dry Abrasive Blasting.
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10
Q

Soluble salts can also be deposited on a surface by contaminated 1___ ___. This can also cause premature coating failure. Contamination can build up, especially if the abrasive is recycled 2___ ___. There are field tests available to identify 3___ ___ and help prevent costly failures.

A
  1. Blasting Abrasives.
  2. Multiple Times.
  3. Contaminated Abrasives.
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11
Q

The ‘industry’ has yet to reach a consensus on an acceptable level of minimum soluble salt contamination. There is no industry developed standard procedure to detect and evaluate them. Though NACE, SSPC, and ISO are working on a standard test method.

A

True

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12
Q

Chlorides are the salts of 1___ ___, (HCI). The chloride ion forms wen the element 2___ picks up one electron to form the anion 3__ (A negatively charged ion)

A
  1. Hydrochloric Acid
  2. Chlorine
  3. CI-
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13
Q

Sulfates are the salts of ___ ___.

A

Sulfuric Acid

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14
Q

Nitrates are the salts of 1___ ___ with an ion composed of one 2___ and three 3____ atoms. (NO-3)

A
  1. Nitric Acid
  2. Nitrogen
  3. Oxygen
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15
Q

The Specification should state clearly:

  1. ___ of soluble salts to be accepted.
  2. ___ ___ to be limited on the substrate.
  3. ___ method to use.
  4. ____ of Testing.
  5. ___ to administer tests.
A
  1. Limits of soluble salts to be accepted.
  2. Specific Salts to be limited.
  3. Test method to use.
  4. Frequency of testing.
  5. Where to administer tests.
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16
Q

If testing is to be meaningful, inspectors owners, and contractors must be familiar with the 1___ ___ and 2___ associated with soluble salts.
Specified requirements that are not achievable, and inconsistent testing methods are likely to lead to confusion.

A
  1. Test Methods

2. Materials

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17
Q

Soluble salts 1 ___ and 2___ steel corrosion and become deeply embedded within the iron 3___ ___. If they deposit between coats they can cause 4___ and 5___ leading to coating breakdown.

A
  1. Initiate
  2. Accelerate.
  3. Corrosion Products
  4. Blistering
  5. Disbondment.
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18
Q

Soluble salts continuously draw 1___ and form 2___ that actually build up internal pressure. When the moisture combines with 3___ it often forms a mild 4___ ___ causing corrosion, undercutting of the coating and coating failure.

A
  1. Moisture
  2. Blisters
  3. Chlorides
  4. Hydrochloric Acid
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19
Q

Often, a film of ___ left on the surface is the cause of major disbondment.

A

Chlorides

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20
Q

Is it not sufficient to measure only the cleanliness of the substrate. In a multi-layer coating process, it is necessary to monitor and record the cleanliness of each layer prior to ___ the ___ ___.

A

Applying the next coat.

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21
Q

Test methods for soluble Salts:

  1. ___ ___.
  2. ___ Patch
  3. ___ test.
  4. ___ ___ meters.
  5. ___
A
  1. Potassium Ferricyanide.
  2. Bristle Patch.
  3. Sleeve Test.
  4. Soluble salt meters.
  5. Conductivity.
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22
Q

The qualitative test for water soluble 1___ ___ (ions) is 2___ ___ and is designed only to detect this substance on a steel substrate. It is not designed to measure the quantity of these ions.

A
  1. Ferrous Salts.

2. Potassium Ferricyanide.

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23
Q

The Potassium Ferricyanide test for water soluble Ferrous Salts includes:

  1. Using prepared ___ ___.
  2. Misting surface with ___ ___.
  3. Applying ___ ___ to the misted surface.

A 4___ ___ color indicates the presence of soluble salts.

A
  1. Using prepared indication paper.
  2. Misting surface with distilled water.
  3. Applying test paper to misted surface.

A dark blue color indicated the presence of soluble Ferrous salts.

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24
Q

There are two variations of the sleeve test. One uses a 1___ tube to determine the results of the test, the other uses a 2____ to determine results.

A
  1. Titrator

2. Colorimeter.

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25
Q

The cotton at the top of a Titrator tube changes to an ___ color when fully saturated.

A

Amber

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26
Q

Parts per million readings are a 1:1 ratio to micrograms per square centimeter so no mathematical calculations are necessary. True or False.

A

True

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27
Q

If using the Titrators Tube then no calibration is necessary. However, make sure you choose a tube that measures in the appropriate ___.

A

Range.

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28
Q

If using a colorimeter:
Contact the gauges’s manufacturer for 1___ and ___. Make regular 2 ___ ___. The instrument comes form the manufacturer already calibrated, however, some method of certification by independent lab is necessary and some field calibration is necessary.

A
  1. Checks and Certifications.
  2. Calibration Checks.

Note: This sounds like a pain in the ass. Use the condom/sleeve test and just be done with it. Damn.

29
Q

If using a colorimeter:
Contact the gauges’s manufacturer for 1___ and ___. Make regular 2 ___ ___. The instrument comes form the manufacturer already calibrated, however, some method of certification by independent lab is necessary and some field calibration is necessary.

A
  1. Checks and Certifications.
  2. Calibration Checks.

Note: This sounds like a pain in the ass. Use the condom/sleeve test and just be done with it. Damn.

30
Q

The conductivity test is a method to measure the conductivity of a solution that contains ___.

A

Chloride.

31
Q

Electrical conductivity measurements indicate the total soluble salt content but cannot indicate what ___ ___ are present. Measure test samples with a conductivity meter and then make calculations based on the results to find the 2___ concentration of the test solution.

A
  1. Specific Salts.

2. Chloride

32
Q

In the event soluble salts are above the acceptable limit make sure there is an agreed-upon plan in place for ___.

A

Remediation.

33
Q

In the event soluble salts are above the acceptable limit make sure there is an agreed-upon plan in place for ___.

A

Remediation.

34
Q

When necessary information to conduct soluble salt tests are in place, ensure the appropriate ___ and ___ are also available and ready for use.

A

Equipment and materials.

35
Q

Some of the things to have on your checklist include:

  1. Are the equipment ___ ___ available for needed tests.
  2. Is ___ ___ available to test or clean test instruments.
  3. Are instruments ___.
  4. Do Istruments/Titrators measure within the ___ ___.
  5. Does the contractor know ____ procedures and are he/his crew prepared.
A
  1. Instruction Manuals.
  2. Distilled Water.
  3. Calibrated
  4. Required Ranges.
  5. Remediation
36
Q

Some of the things to have on your checklist include:

  1. Are the equipment ___ ___ available for needed tests.
  2. Is ___ ___ available to test or clean test instruments.
  3. Are instruments ___.
  4. Do Istruments/Titrators measure within the ___ ___.
  5. Does the contractor know ____ procedures and are he/his crew prepared.
A
  1. Instruction Manuals.
  2. Distilled Water.
  3. Calibrated
  4. Required Ranges.
  5. Remediation
37
Q

In addition to achieving cleanliness, 1___ ___ alters the substrate form a more/less smooth surface to a uniformly textured surface. This textured surface results from the sharp abrasive particles striking the steel at high speed, leaving small 2___ ___ or ___.

A
  1. Abrasive Blasting.

2. Impact Craters or Irregularities.

38
Q

A well-written coating specification requires a range of surface profile ___, expressed in mils.

A

Depths.

39
Q

Surface profile is important because it increases the surface area and roughness enabling the coating to ___ more tightly.

A

Adhere.

40
Q

A too shallow profile may cause premature coating failure due to lack of adhesion, with can result in?

A

Peeling, blistering or delamination.

41
Q

A too high surface profile can cause the coating to inadequately cover peaks resulting in 1___ ___ or ___ ___. This is more likely to occur when newly-applied primers, 2___ ___ suffer exposure for some period of time.

A
  1. Rust Rashing or Rust Spots.

2. Without topcoats.

42
Q

Good practice suggests, to ensure adequate coverage of the surface profile, applying at least ___ ___ of a coating system over blast cleaned surfaces.

A

Two Coats

43
Q

In general, the greater the profile, the better the coating adhesion. An exception to this is 1___ ___ ___, which tend to spit (loose cohesion) when the anchor profile exceeds 2___ mils. This may result in part from attempts to increase thickness to cover profile peaks.

A
  1. Inorganic Zinc Primers.

2. 2.5 mils.

44
Q

IOZ primers are well known to be sensitive to ___ ___. Follow th guidelines provided by coating manufacturers on the technical data sheets.

A

Excess thickness.

45
Q

There are several methods to evaluate depth of surface profiles, including:

  1. ISO ___.
  2. ___ tape.
  3. ___ profile gauge.
A
  1. ISO comparators.
  2. Replica Tape.
  3. Digital Profile Gauges.
46
Q

Comparators are visual tools for evaluating anchor profiles. The inspector places the comparator on the surface and compares the anchor profile. The inspector will make a decision based on the comparator that most closely resembles the blasted surface. True or False?

A

True.

47
Q

ISO comparators are 1___ of high purity 2___ from a mild steel master coupon who’s segments meet the requirements of 3___ part one when measured by the methods described in 3 _____ part 3 (microscope method) and 3___ part 4 (Stylus method.).

A
  1. Electroformed.
  2. Nickel.
  3. ISO 8503 part 1.
48
Q

ISO 8503 Part 3 is the?

A

Microscope Method for Measurement of surface profiles.

49
Q

ISO 8503 Part 4 is>

A

Stylus Method for measurement of surface profiles.

50
Q

According to ISO 8503 there are two types of abrasives.

  1. G for?
  2. S for?
A
  1. G for Grit.

2. S for Shot.

51
Q

For proper use of ISO 8503:

  1. Remove all loose ___ and ___ from the test surface.
  2. Select the appropriate surface profile comparator ___ or ___ and place it against the metal surface.
  3. Place the comparator on the surface with the assistance of a ___ lighted magnifier. (Do not exceed ___.
  4. Access which profile on the ___ is the nearest match to the profile of the blasted surface and determine the grade.
A
  1. Dust and debris.
  2. Grit or Shot. (G or S)
  3. 5x (do not exceed 7x.)
  4. Comparator.
52
Q

ISO 8503 comparator comes with cards that, among other information, stated the parameters of ISO 8503 part 1___ and ___.

Report the grade, not the comparator number.

A
  1. One and two.
53
Q

Use surface profile comparators in accordance with?

A

ASTM D 4417 Method A.
ISO 8503-1
and ISO 8503-2

54
Q

Comparators require recalibration every 1___ ___. Those in daily use may need calibration every 2___ ___.

A
  1. Six Months.

2. Three months.

55
Q

Comparitors require ___ ___, if there is any surface wear, recalibrate them before further use.

A

Careful handling.

56
Q

There are five reportable grades of comparators.

  1. ___ than ___.
  2. ___
  3. ___
  4. ___
  5. ___ than ___.
A
  1. Finer than fine.
  2. Fine
  3. Medium
  4. Coarse.
  5. Coarser than coarse.
57
Q

Replica tape uses a small square of compressible foam plastic attached to a non-compressible ___ film.

A

Mylar

58
Q

Replica tape uses two types.

  1. Coarse for __ to __- mils.
  2. Extra Coarse for ___ to ___ mils.
A
  1. 0.8 to 2.5

2. 1.5 to 4.5

59
Q

Proper use of Replica Tape;

  1. Remove all ___ and __ from the test surface.
  2. Select the appropriate replica tape and apply to the ___ ___ surface dull side down.
  3. Use a hard rounded object, ___ __, to crush the foam to exact a reverse impression (replica) of the surface profile.
  4. Remove the tape and use a ___ ___ to measure the thickness of the compressed foam.
  5. Subtract the thickness of the Mylar, __ mils and the result is the depth of the surface profile.
A
  1. Dust and Debris.
  2. Blast Cleaned.
  3. Burnishing tool.
  4. Anvil Micrometer.
  5. 2 Mils.
60
Q

Always identify the grade of ___ ___ used in any record of profile.

A

Replica Tape.

61
Q

NACE SP0287 is the NACE standard for use of?

A

Replica Tape.

62
Q

ASTM D 4417 Method C is the standard for use of?

A

Replica Tape.

63
Q

Replica tape is most accurate near the ___ of its specified range.

A

Middle.

64
Q

Common sources of error when using replica tape?

  1. Inherent variation in ___ to ___ profile over the surface. SSPC recommends 1.5___ readings per ___ square feet.
  2. ___ particles on either the tape or gauge.
  3. Gauge ___.
  4. Rubbing ___. Either too much or too little burnishing force.
A
  1. Point to point.
    1. 3 readings per 100 sq ft.
  3. Dirt.
  4. Accuracy.
  5. Technique.
65
Q

Profile gauges are hand held units that measure ___ to ___ height of the surface profile on abrasive blast cleaned surfaces.

A

Peak to Valley

66
Q

Some digital/electronic Profile gauges not only determine profile depth but a variety of other info as well:

N. The Number of \_\_\_ taken. 
X. The Mean/Average of those readings 
O. The \_\_\_ of the readings. 
Hi. The \_\_\_ reading. 
Lo. The \_\_\_ reading.
A 
N. The number of reading taken. 
X. The mean/average of those readings. 
O. The Deviation of the readings. 
Hi. The highest reading taken. 
Lo. The lowest reading taken.
67
Q

When using digital mil gauges the deviation is:

The difference between a value in the frequency of the distribution and the mean.

A

True. But wtf does it mean?

68
Q

The majority of Digital Mill gauges are supplied with a 1___ ___ tip probe to comply with the standard requirements. (ASTM D 4417)
___ ___ tips are available on some models, or to comply with other standards.

The tip is usually of 3___ ___ for strength. and durability. But the tip still could become damaged leading to inaccurate readings.

A
  1. 60 Degree
  2. 30 Degree
  3. Tungsten Carbide.

CIP Level 1 Section 11 (1 decks)

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