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ESA 2- Cardiovascular System > Surface Anatomy of Heart > Flashcards

Surface Anatomy of Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pericardiac sac consist of?

A

Fibrous part
Parietal layer
Serous layer

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2
Q

What does the fibrous part of the pericardial sac consist of?

A

Ligament to the stenum (sternopericardial ligament)

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3
Q

What happens to the ligament to the sternum?

A

It inferiorly blends with the diaphragm

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4
Q

What does the sternopericardial ligament do?

A

Holds the heart in place

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5
Q

What is the parietal layer?

A

The outer layer

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6
Q

What is the serous layer?

A

The inner layer

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7
Q

What does the serous layer attach to?

A

The heart and great vessels

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8
Q

How are the parietal and serous layers related?

A

It is one continuous layer that is reflected back on itself

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9
Q

What is found between the parietal and serous layers?

A

A thin layer of fluid

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10
Q

What does the thin layer of fluid between the parietal and serous layer do?

A

Gives a frictionless environment

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11
Q

What is the name of the nerves that supply the heart?

A

Phrenic nerves

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12
Q

What are the nerve roots of the phrenic nerves?

A

C3, 4, 5

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13
Q

What do the phrenic nerves supply?

A

Motor and sensory to the diaphragm

Sensory to the pericardium

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14
Q

What is the course of the phrenic nerves?

A

They descend anterior to the lungs, and then the right descents over the right atrium, and the left over the left atrium

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15
Q

What is the heart surrounded by?

A

Dual layered pericardium

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16
Q

Where does the heart lie?

A

Deep to the sternum, inferior to the great vessels, and superior to the diaphragm

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17
Q

What is the anterior pericardial surface attached to?

A

The posterior surface of the sternum, via the sternopericardiac ligaments

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18
Q

What is the inferior pericardial surface fused with?

A

The diaphragm

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19
Q

What consists the anterior surface of the heart?

A

Right atrium and ventricle

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20
Q

What consists the posterior surface of the heart?

A

Left atrium and ventricle

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21
Q

What is the left border of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

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22
Q

What is the inferior surface of the heart?

A

Right ventricle

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23
Q

What is the right border of the heart?

A

Right atrium

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24
Q

What are the blood vessels od the heart?

A

The coronary arteries and the cardiac veins

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25
Q

What do the blood vessels of the heart do?

A

Carry blood to and from most of the myocardium

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26
Q

Where to the coronary blood vessels run?

A

Across the surface of the heart, just deep to the epicardium, normally embedded in fat

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27
Q

What is the first branch of the aorta?

A

The coronary arteries

28
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

From the left and right aortic sinuses

29
Q

Where do the aortic sinuses arise from?

A

The root of the aorta, just superior to the aortic valve

30
Q

Where do the aortic sinuses pass?

A

Around opposite sides of the pulmonary trunk

31
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply?

A

The right atrium, SA and AV nodes, and posterior parts of the IVS

32
Q

What course does the RCA take on the anterior surface of the heart?

A

In travels in the right atrioventricular groove, passing posteriorly between the right atrium and ventricle.
In then gives off the sinuatrial branch
It continues down the atrioventricular groove, and gives off right marginal branch
After giving off this branch, it turns to the left and continues in the atrioventricular groove to the posterior aspect of the heart

33
Q

What % of people have a sinuatrial nodal branch?

A

60%

34
Q

What does the sinuatrial nodal branch supply?

A

The SA node

35
Q

What does the right marginal branch supply?

A

The right border of the heart

36
Q

Where does the right marginal branch run?

A

Towards (but does not reach) the apex of the heart

37
Q

What course does the RCA take on the posterior surface of the heart?

A

Gives rise to atrioventricular nodal branch
Then gives rise to the posterior interventricular branch
The terminal RCA then continues for a short distance in the posterior atrioventricular groove

38
Q

Where does the RCA give rise to the atrioventricular nodal branch?

A

At the junction between the four heart chambers (the crux)

39
Q

What does the atrioventricular nodal branch supply?

A

AV node

40
Q

What % of people have a posterior interventricular branch?

A

67%

41
Q

What does the posterior interventricular branch do?

A

Descends inbetween the ventricles, supplying adjacent areas of both ventricles and sending perforating interventricular septal branches into the interventricular septum

42
Q

What does the left coronary artery supply?

A

Most of the left atrium and ventricle, IVS and AV bundles, may supply AV node

43
Q

What course does the LCA take on the anterior surface of the heart?

A

In runs in the left atrioventricular groove, where it splits into two branches, the anterior interventricular artery (or left descending (LAD) artery) and the circumflex branch

44
Q

What course does the anterior interventricular artery take?

A

Runs in anterior interventricular groove to the apex, where it turns around the inferior border of the heart and commonly anatomoses with the posterior interventricular artery

45
Q

What does the anterior interventricular artery supply?

A

Adjacent parts of both ventricles, and the interventricular septum

46
Q

How does the anterior interventricular artery supply the interventricular septum?

A

Via interventricular septal branches

47
Q

What does the anterior interventricular branch give off in many people?

A

The diagonal artery

48
Q

Where does the diagonal artery run?

A

Down the anterior surface of the heart

49
Q

What course does the circumflex branch of the LCA take?

A

It follows the atrioventricular groove to the posterior surface of the heart

50
Q

What branches from the circumflex artery?

A

The left marginal branch

SA branch

51
Q

Where does the left marginal branch run?

A

Down the left margin of the heart

52
Q

What does the left marginal branch supply?

A

The left ventricle

53
Q

How does the circumflex artery terminate?

A

Most commonly in the AV groove

In one third of hearts, it continues to the posterior interventricular groove

54
Q

What % of people have the SA branch from the circumflex artery?

A

40

55
Q

What is the heart drained by?

A

Veins that empty into the coronary sinus, and partly by small veins that drain into the right atrium

56
Q

What are the veins of the heart

A 
Coronary sinus 
Great cardiac vein 
Middle cardiac vein 
Small cardiac vein 
Anterior cardiac veins
57
Q

What is the main vein of the heart?

A

Coronary sinus

58
Q

Where does the coronary sinus run?

A

From left to right in the posterior part of the atrioventricular groove

59
Q

What is the main tributary of the coronary sinus?

A

The great cardiac vein

60
Q

What is the first part of the great cardiac vein?

A

The anterior interventricular vein

61
Q

Where does the anterior interventricular vein begin?

A

Near the apex of the heart

62
Q

What course does the anterior interventricular vein take?

A

It ascends with the anterior IV branch of the LCA. It takes a left at the AV groove, and runs with the circumflex branch of the LCA to reach the coronary sinus

63
Q

What does the middle cardiac vein accompany?

A

The posterior IV branch (usually from RCA)

64
Q

What does the small cardiac vein accompany?

A

The right marginal branch of the RCA

65
Q

What are the anterior cardiac veins?

A

Several small veins that begin over the anterior surface of the right ventricle

66
Q

What course do the anterior cardiac veins take?

A

They cross over the AV groove, and usually end directly in the right atrium (i.e. not via the coronary sinus)

ESA 2- Cardiovascular System (18 decks)

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