Surface anatomy and skull Flashcards
Viscerocranium
Neurocranium
Nasal bones
Temporal bones
Zygomatic bones
zygomatic arch
lacrimal bone
Vomer bone
Parietal bones
Ethmoid bone
Palatine bone
How many bones in the skull?
22
function of lacrimal
small and fragile, provide support to the structures of the lacrimal apparatus, which secretes tears to lubricate the eyes
which bones arent articulated via sutures
ear bones, hyoid, mandible
what does the ethmoid bone have
nerves involved in olfaction which are susceptible to damage
what does palatine bone do
divides oral cavity into hard and soft palates
Describe location of frontal bone
articulates laterally with sphenoid bone
articulates anteriorly with nasal and maxillary
What does the parietal bone articulate with
- frontal bone
- posterior occipital bone
- lateral sphenoid
- lateral temporal
What is the pterion joint
where the frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones join
weakest part of the skull
under runs the middle cerebral artery
Sphenoid bone
what causes the bridge between viscerocranium and neurocranium
the sphenoid bone
What nerves does this foramen transmit
Optic canals for optic nerves
What nerves does this transmit
Opthalmic nerve which controls the muscles of the eye
What nerves does this transmit
Foramen rotunda- transmits passage of maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
What nerves does this transmit
Foramen ovale - mandibular branch
What is this region of the mouth
Vestibule
describe location of sphenoid bone
articulates with temporal, frontal, schematic bones and anteriorly to palatine bones
has holes for cranial nerves –> optical nerves
forms small part of the anterior and middle cranial fossa.
describe location of sphenoid bone
articulates with temporal, frontal, schematic bones and anteriorly to palatine bones
has holes for cranial nerves –> optical nerves
forms small part of the anterior and middle cranial fossa.
Describe vestibular space
Lies between the teeth and the cheeks laterally
Lies between the teeth and lips anteriorly
What is this labelled here
Labial Sulci
What is this labelled here
Maxillary buffaloes frenum
What is this labelled here
Mandibular buccal frenum
What is this labelled here
Maxillary labial frenum
How is sulci created
Mucosa lining the cheeks and lips arches over to form the roof and floor of the vestibule before reflecting onto the gingivae
Label this
Deep lingual vein
Label this
Frenulum
Label this
Sublingual fold
Label this
Pica fimbriata
Label this
Opening of submandibular duct on sublingual papilla
What separates the posterior 1/3rds of the tongue from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
The sulcus terminalis
What is the palate made up of
2 parts, the larger anterior hard palate and the posterior soft palate
The anterior hard palate is the maxilla
The posterior hard palate is the palatine bone
How is the 4 bones of the palate joined by
Sutures
How does cleft palate/lip occur?
Right and left halves of the palate begin life in embryo as separate structures. They migrate towards each other and fuse in midline. If this goes wrong cleft is caused
Describe A
Incomplete, unilateral cleft lip.
Doesn’t completely extend to nostril
Only on one side
Describe B
Wider, complete unilateral cleft lip
Describe C
Bilateral cleft lip.
One side complete, one side incomplete
Palate cleft
Describe D
Complete cleft palate.
Complete both hard and soft palate
What triangle is this
Anterior triangle
What triangle is this
Posterior triangle
What muscle is this
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
What muscle is this
Trapezius muscle
Label this
The clavicle
What triangle is this
Submandibular triangle
What is the roof of the subamandibular triangle formed from
Superficial cervical fascia
Sheet of cells that help prevent the sticking of muscles to each other
Which muscle is the submandibular triangle covered with
Platysma muscle
Large sheet on either side of neck that helps keep the skin taut
What muscle is this
Digastric anterior belly
What muscle is this
Digastric posterior belly
What triangle is thisb
Carotid triangle
Describe the articulation of the carotid triangle
Posterior = sternocleidomastoid muscle
Anterior = omohyoid muscle
Superior = Digastric posterior belly
What muscle is this
Omohyoid muscle
What triangle is this
Muscular triangle
Describe the articulation of the muscular triangle
Posterior = sternocleidomastoid muscle
Anterior = sternohyoid
Superior = omohyoid
What muscle is this
Sternohyoid
What triangle is this
Omoclavicular triangle
What triangle is the one covered in purple
Occipital muscle
What bone is this
Hyoid bone.
Suspended by muscles, doesn’t articulate with other bone
Larynx hangs from hyoid bone
What are the 4 different pulse points
- temporal pulse (superficial temporal artery)
- temporal (anterior branch of superficial temporal artery)
- carotid pulse
- facial pulse
do you feel for pulses in arteries or veins
arteries
