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Anatomy > Surface anatomy > Flashcards

Surface anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regions of the face when looking anteriorly?

A
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2
Q

What are the regions of the face when looking laterally?

A
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3
Q

what are the layers of the facial skin? superficial to deep

A
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4
Q

what are the main features of facial skin?

A

Very little deep fascia on the face The muscles of facial expression are found in the superficial fascia

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5
Q

where is the origin of muscles in the face mainly?

A

bone or fascia

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6
Q

where are facial muscles mainly inserted?

A

skin

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7
Q

what is the nerve that controls facial skin?

A

CN V Trigeminal nerve - (CN V1-CN V2-CN V3)

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8
Q

Which nerve controls the frontal region, upper eyelid and middle of the nose?

A

CN V1

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9
Q

What region does CN V2 control?

A

the lower lid and the infraorbital, the wings of the nose and the upper lip

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10
Q

which nerve controls the lower lip and the mental region and part of the buccal and parotid?

A

CN V3

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11
Q

What type of nerves control the back of the head?

A

Spinal nerves

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12
Q

Which nerve controls the facial expression muscles ?

A

CN VII Facial nerve

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13
Q

what are the muscles of facial expression?

A

1-Frontalis 2- orbicularis oculi 3- orbicularis oris 4-platysma 5-Quadratus Superioris

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14
Q

what is the function of Quadratus Superioris?

A

pulling up the upper lip

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15
Q

Where are the muscles of mastication?

A

in the posterior part of face around ramus of mandible and TMJ

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16
Q

Where are the muscles of facial expression?

A

mainly in anterior part of face around sphincters CN VII

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17
Q

who are the muscles of mastication controlled by?

A

it is controlled by CN V3 the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

what are the muscles of mastication?

A

1- temporalis 2- masseter 3- lateral pterygoid 4- medial pterygoid

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19
Q

which muscle controls the closing of the jaw?

A

lateral pterygoid

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20
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands are there?

A

3 major pairs of salivary glands

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21
Q

Name the salivary glands and their location

A

-parotid gland (superficial to masseter) -deep part & superficial part of the submandibular gland -sublingual gland (in the floor of the mouth)

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22
Q

where is the parotid duct ?

A

just opposite of the second upper molar

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23
Q

where is the submandibular duct?

A

(in the floor of the mouth): base of the frenulum

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24
Q

where is the sublingual duct?

A

In the sublingual fold

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25
Q

where does the face get its arterial supply from? and what is it a branch from?

A

from the Facial artery which is a branch of the external carotid

26
Q

where does the face drain its blood from? and where does it drain into?

A

from the facial vein it drains into the internal jugular vein

27
Q

where is the only place for superficial lymph nodes in the face?

A

Parotid region

28
Q

how does the face conduct lymphatic drainage?

A

through the superficial ring of regional lymph nodes

29
Q

what is the function of the Superficial ring of regional lymph nodes?

A

drains the scalp, face and superficial upper neck

30
Q

where is the Superficial Ring of Regional Lymph Nodes?

A

at the junction of the head and neck

31
Q

what are the lymph node groups?

A

occipital, mastoid, parotid, buccal, infrahyoid, submandibular, submental. , superficial cervical and deep cervical

32
Q

How many paranasal sinuses are there? name them

A

1- Frontal sinus 2- Ethmoidal 3- maxillary 4- sphenoidal

33
Q

what is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Lightens the skull and resonates the voice

34
Q

where is the sphenoidal sinus and what is it lined with?

A

in the centre of the sinus bone it is lined with mucosa, mucous is released to remove debris

35
Q

Which bones form the bony orbit around the eye?

A

Frontal, Zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, nasal, ethmoid and sphenoid

36
Q

external layer of the eye lid has two part what are they?

A

the orbital part: bone palpebral: eye lid

37
Q

name the parts of the eye

A

upper and lower eyelid, Iris pupil palpebral fissure Sclera and conjunctiva

38
Q

what does the conjunctiva cover?

A

covers the sclera only not the iris and pupil

39
Q

what does the lacrimal apparatus consist of?

A

the lacrimal gland two small canaliculi lacrimal puncta lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct

40
Q

How do we shed tears?

A

lacrimal gland produces lacrimal fluid wash over eye pushed towards medial angle drains through lacrimal puncta eventually reaches nasal cavity

41
Q

name the parts of the mouth

A

Vermilion border Upper lip Lower lip Fissure Commissure Philtrum

42
Q

what is the Philtrum?

A

is the vertical groove in the midline of the upper lip bordered by these lateral ridges

43
Q

what muscle surrounds the mouth?

A

orbicularis oris

44
Q

what articulations from the TMJ?

A

the articulation between: the glenoid fossa and the condylar head

45
Q

name the arches of the soft palate

A

palatopharyngeal arch palatoglossal arch: palate to the tongue

46
Q

what is the name of tonsils between the palatine arches ?

A

palatine tonsils

47
Q

what type of muscle is the tongue made of? and what mucosa is it covered in?

A

Skeletal muscle lingual mucosa

48
Q

what is the name of the area which divides the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue?

A

terminal sulcus

49
Q

what is the function of the terminal sulcus? and what shape is it?

A

divides the tongue into 2/3 anterior and 1/3 posterior parts V shaped

50
Q

what are the four types of papillae?

A

Vallate Foliate Fungiform Filliform

51
Q

where did the thyroid gland originate from?

A

Foramen caecum

52
Q

where is the Foramen caecum?

A

at the apex of terminal sulcus

53
Q

what is a tongue tie?

A

frenulum too short & therefore binds the tongue to the gingivae of the lower incisor teeth in

54
Q

what is the sublingual papillae’s function?

A

openings for the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands

55
Q

what does the hard palate consist of?

A

incisive foramen palatine processes of maxillae palatine bones palatine foraminae median palatine suture

56
Q

what are the ridges in the front of the hard palate?

A

palatal rugae

57
Q

what is the main function of the soft palate?

A

it acts as a trapdoor

58
Q

how does the soft palate work as a trapdoor?

A

1- stops food entering the nose during swallowing 2-directs air into the nose or the mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing & vomiting 3-helps to close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex

59
Q

name the parts of Waldeyer’s Ring of Lymphoid Tissue ?

A

palatine tonsil lingual tonsil pharyngeal tonsil “adenoid” tubal tonsils

60
Q

where does the Oropharynx lie?

A

At level of C2 & C3

61
Q

what type of muscle is the oropharynx made of?

A

Posteriorly &laterally: Pharyngeal muscles Anteriorly : oral cavity

Anatomy (1 decks)

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