Surface anatomy

Question 1

Anatomical explanation of peau d’ orange sign in breast cancer

Answer 1

Thickened with prominent pores of the skin

Question 2

Anatomical explanation of retraction of nipples in breast cancer

Answer 2

Pulling on the lactiferous ducts

Question 3

Anatomical explanation of skin dimpling in breast cancer

Answer 3

Shortening of the suspensory or Cooper ligament

Question 4

The breast is located on the anterior thoracic wall and extends from the lateral border of the sternum to the mid-axillary line horizontally and spans between the ____ vertically

Answer 4

2nd and 6th intercostal cartilages

Question 5

It lies superficially to the ____ and ____

Answer 5

Pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles

Question 6

At the centre of the breast is the nipple, composed mostly of ____

Answer 6

Smooth muscle fibres

Question 7

Surrounding the nipple is a pigmented area of skin termed the areolae; there are numerous ____ within the areolae which enlarge during pregnancy, secreting an oily substance that acts as a protective lubricant for the nipple

Answer 7

Sebaceous glands

Question 8

The nipple is usually at the level of the ____ ICS

Answer 8

4th