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Nose > Surface Anatomy > Flashcards

Surface Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Nasion

A

Bony nasofrontal suture

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2
Q

Sellion

A

soft tissue overlying nasion

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3
Q

radix

A

root of the nose that encompasses the nasion and sellion

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4
Q

glabella

A

prominence of the frontal bone between the eyebrows and above the radix

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5
Q

upper lateral cartilage

A

triangular or trapezoidal in shape and fuse in midline to cartilaginous dorsum

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6
Q

keystone area

A

region where the ULCs attach to the undersurface of the nasal bone; may overlap by up to 11 mm

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7
Q

scroll

A

caudal ULC area where it articulates with the LLC

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8
Q

supratip

A

junction of nasal dorsum and nasal tip

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9
Q

infratip

A

junction of tip and columella

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10
Q

lower lateral cartilage

A

C-shaped

3 parts: medial crus, intermediate/middle crus, lateral crus

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11
Q

medial crura of the LLC

A

Narrowest segment of LLC
Consists of a footplate segment that flares posterolaterally and an anterior segment that defines the contour of the columella
Attached to caudal septum by fibrous tissue and separated from each other by loose connective tissue

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12
Q

intermediate crura of the LLC

A

Flare posterolaterally away from each other at the angle of divergence
Joins lateral crus at the dome

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13
Q

lateral crura of the LLC

A

Convex in shape
Extend posteriorly from the intermediate crura
Initially parallel the alar rim but then turn posteriorly, superiorly, and laterally toward pyriform aperture
Meets the ULC at the scroll regions

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14
Q

Angle of divergence

A

Where the intermediate crura flare posterolaterally away from each other
Contributes to infratip lobule
Normally 50-60 deg
If > 60 deg –> wide or boxy tip

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15
Q

Dome

A

Point where intermediate crus joins lateral crus
Highest and most anterior point of nasal tip
Joined medially by the interdomal ligaments
Modified surgically to refine nasal tip

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16
Q

Nose subunits

A

9

nasal dorsum, tip, columella, paired nasal sidewalls, ala/sills, and soft triangles

17
Q

Ideal facial height divisions

A

Equally in thirds between trichion, glabella, subnasale, and menton

18
Q

Ideal facial width divisions

A

Equally into fifths

Width of one eye = 1/5 = intercanthal distance

19
Q

5 soft tissue components of nose deep to dermis

A
  1. superficial fatty panniculus
  2. fibromuscular layer
  3. deep fatty layer
  4. longitudinal fibrous sheet
  5. interdomal ligament
20
Q

Fibromuscular layer of the nasal soft tissue

A

Consists of the nasal mimetic muscles
Encased and interconnected by the nasal SMAS
Elevation of nasal tissue should be in sub-SMAS plane

21
Q

Tripod theory of nasal tip

A

3 limbs: 1 for conjoined medial crura and 2 lateral crura legs
Change in limb length results in predictable changes in nasal tip position
Decreasing all limbs equally –> tip deprojection
Increasing all equally –> inc projection
Shortening medial crura –> caudal tip rotation
Lengthening lateral crura –> caudal tip rotation
Opposite –> cephalic tip rotation

22
Q

Nasal tip support mechanisms

A

3 major, 6 minor

  1. Size, shape, resiliency of LLC
  2. Attachment of LLC to caudal septum
  3. Attachment of LLC to ULCs at scroll region
  4. Interdomal ligament
  5. Cartilaginous dorsal septum
  6. Sesamoid complex
  7. Attachment of LLC to overlying SMAS and skin
  8. Nasal spine
  9. Membranous septum
23
Q

Internal nasal valve

A

Narrowest segment of nasal cavity
Greatest resistance to nasal airflow
Borders: septum, head of Inf turb, caudal edge of ULC, pyriform aperture
ULC to septum is 10-15 deg in Whites

24
Q

Causes of static narrowing or dynamic collapse and subsequent nasal obst at the INV

A 
Prior surgery
Trauma
Septal deviation
Inf turb hypertrophy
Scarring
Synechiae
Congen malformations
25
Q

External nasal valve

A

Nasal floor/sill, columella, caudal border of LLC

26
Q

Causes of static narrowing or dynamic collapse at the ENV

A 
Prior surgery
Weak LLCs
Widened columella
Thick skin-soft tissue envelope
Deviated caudal septum
Nasal stenosis 2/2 trauma/burns

Nose (3 decks)

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