Supreme Court Cases and Amendments Flashcards
Judicial Review
Gave the supreme court the power to decide if a law is or is not constitutional (Marbury v Madison).
Judicial Activism
The court is very active in reviewing past decisions and inserting itself to change decisions. For example, Brown v. Board of Education
Bill of Rights
The first 10 constitutional amendments that guaranteed certain rights to American citizens in all circumstances.
It was supported by the anti-federalists to ensure protection against individual rights.
1st Amendment
Freedom of speech including religion, press, and assembly (Zenger Case)
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
3rd Amendment
Prohibits quartering of troops
5th Amendment
Prohibits self-incrimination
7th Amendment
Right to jury trial for civil cases
8th Amendment
Prohibits cruel/unusual punishment
12th Amendment
Sets procedure by which the president and vice president are elected.
It established the electoral college.
13th Amendment
Abolition of slavery
14th Amendment
Citizenship to former slaves. Equaled the protection clause
15th Amendment
Universal suffrage to all men
16th Amendment
Income tax
17th Amendment
Direct election of US senators.
It was imparted under Teddy Roosevelt and allowed the people to pick their senators, rather than the house of representatives.
18th Amendment
Prohibition.
Tried to decrease crime, but rather increased crime due to illegal consumption or manufacturing of alcohol.