Supreme Court Cases and Amendments Flashcards

1
Q

Judicial Review

A

Gave the supreme court the power to decide if a law is or is not constitutional (Marbury v Madison).

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2
Q

Judicial Activism

A

The court is very active in reviewing past decisions and inserting itself to change decisions. For example, Brown v. Board of Education

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3
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first 10 constitutional amendments that guaranteed certain rights to American citizens in all circumstances.
It was supported by the anti-federalists to ensure protection against individual rights.

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4
Q

1st Amendment

A

Freedom of speech including religion, press, and assembly (Zenger Case)

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5
Q

2nd Amendment

A

Right to bear arms

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6
Q

3rd Amendment

A

Prohibits quartering of troops

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7
Q

5th Amendment

A

Prohibits self-incrimination

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8
Q

7th Amendment

A

Right to jury trial for civil cases

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9
Q

8th Amendment

A

Prohibits cruel/unusual punishment

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10
Q

12th Amendment

A

Sets procedure by which the president and vice president are elected.
It established the electoral college.

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11
Q

13th Amendment

A

Abolition of slavery

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12
Q

14th Amendment

A

Citizenship to former slaves. Equaled the protection clause

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13
Q

15th Amendment

A

Universal suffrage to all men

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14
Q

16th Amendment

A

Income tax

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15
Q

17th Amendment

A

Direct election of US senators.
It was imparted under Teddy Roosevelt and allowed the people to pick their senators, rather than the house of representatives.

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16
Q

18th Amendment

A

Prohibition.

Tried to decrease crime, but rather increased crime due to illegal consumption or manufacturing of alcohol.

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17
Q

19th Amendment

A

Women’s suffrage

18
Q

20th Amendment

A

“lame duck”

It is the president that is about to go out of office. It also changed the dates to January, instead of the previous March.

19
Q

21st Amendment

A

Repealed the 18th amendment (prohibition)

20
Q

22nd Amendment

A

2-term limit

FDR served for 4 terms before he died

21
Q

26th Amendment

A

Voting age at 18

22
Q

John Marshall

A

Established the supreme court as a powerful branch with the right to declare “unconstitutional”. Allowed the power to the government stronger.

23
Q

Marbury v Madison (1803)

A

Established judicial review.

It gave the supreme court the most power.

24
Q

McCulloch v Maryland (1819).

A

Confirmed constitutionality of the Bank of the United States

25
Q

Dartmouth College v Woodward (1819)

A

power to regulate contracts

26
Q

Gibbons v Ogden (1824)

A

Power to regulate interstate commerce

27
Q

Worcester v Georgia (1833)

A

It established tribal anatomy within their own boundaries.
The Cherokees, mainly in Georgia, owned land where foreigners found gold and attempted to push all the natives out. Supreme courted ruled it as illegal.

28
Q

Scott v Sandford (1857)

A

“Dred Scott Decision;” Slaves are not citizens, but was turned down by the 14th Amendment.
Dred scott was a slave who traveled to a free state with his owner, and they argued that since it was a free state, they could state.

29
Q

Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

A

Established “separate by equal”

It was later overturned in 1954 with Brown v Board of Education

30
Q

Korematsu v US (1941)

A

Legalized detention camps for Japanese- Americans during world war II.
Fred K was a Japanese America brisking the situation of the interment camps. He lost and the internment camps were legalized. FDR enacted the executive order of 9066 led to the internment camps.

31
Q

Ex Parte Endo (1944)

A

Reversed the Korematsu v Unterest.

32
Q

Warren Court (1953-1969)

A

Earl Warren and his court upheld civil rights found in the Bill of RIghts

33
Q

Brown v Board of Educations (1954)

A

Declared “separate by equal” segregation in public school unconstitutional.
It reversed Plessy v Ferguson.

34
Q

Gideon v Wainwright (1960s)

A

Right to legal counsel. No matter the money or crime, everyone is guaranteed a lawyer.

35
Q

Miranda v Arizona (1960s)

A

Miranda Rights. It guaranteed everyone know their rights before being detained.

36
Q

Griswold v Connecticut (1960s)

A

Gave married couples right to birth control and privacy

37
Q

Roe v Wade (1973)

A

Right to abortion

38
Q

Munn v Illinois (1877)

A

Upheld state granger laws that regulated railroads.
Granger laws was a populist form that united workers who tried to shape their agricultural goods and were charged higher rates than manufacturer shipping their manufactured goods do.

39
Q

Northern Securities (1904)

A

Government has the right to fight monopolies.

It was under Teddy Roosevelt.

40
Q

Schenck v US (1919)

A

1st Amendment can be restricted if speech presents “clear and present danger”
This came after the first red scare and the the United States was recoiling to isolationism again.

41
Q

Schechter v US (1936)

A

Declared the NRA unconstitutional.

It was viewed as expanding the government’s power too much.