Supreme Court Cases and Amendments

Question 1

Judicial Review

Answer 1

Gave the supreme court the power to decide if a law is or is not constitutional (Marbury v Madison).

Question 2

Judicial Activism

Answer 2

The court is very active in reviewing past decisions and inserting itself to change decisions. For example, Brown v. Board of Education

Question 3

Bill of Rights

Answer 3

The first 10 constitutional amendments that guaranteed certain rights to American citizens in all circumstances.
It was supported by the anti-federalists to ensure protection against individual rights.

Question 4

1st Amendment

Answer 4

Freedom of speech including religion, press, and assembly (Zenger Case)

Question 5

2nd Amendment

Answer 5

Right to bear arms

Question 6

3rd Amendment

Answer 6

Prohibits quartering of troops

Question 7

5th Amendment

Answer 7

Prohibits self-incrimination

Question 8

7th Amendment

Answer 8

Right to jury trial for civil cases

Question 9

8th Amendment

Answer 9

Prohibits cruel/unusual punishment

Question 10

12th Amendment

Answer 10

Sets procedure by which the president and vice president are elected.
It established the electoral college.

Question 11

13th Amendment

Answer 11

Abolition of slavery

Question 12

14th Amendment

Answer 12

Citizenship to former slaves. Equaled the protection clause

Question 13

15th Amendment

Answer 13

Universal suffrage to all men

Question 14

16th Amendment

Answer 14

Income tax

Question 15

17th Amendment

Answer 15

Direct election of US senators.
It was imparted under Teddy Roosevelt and allowed the people to pick their senators, rather than the house of representatives.

Question 16

18th Amendment

Answer 16

Prohibition.

Tried to decrease crime, but rather increased crime due to illegal consumption or manufacturing of alcohol.

Question 17

19th Amendment

Answer 17

Women’s suffrage

Question 18

20th Amendment

Answer 18

“lame duck”

It is the president that is about to go out of office. It also changed the dates to January, instead of the previous March.

Question 19

21st Amendment

Answer 19

Repealed the 18th amendment (prohibition)

Question 20

22nd Amendment

Answer 20

2-term limit

FDR served for 4 terms before he died

Question 21

26th Amendment

Answer 21

Voting age at 18

Question 22

John Marshall

Answer 22

Established the supreme court as a powerful branch with the right to declare “unconstitutional”. Allowed the power to the government stronger.

Question 23

Marbury v Madison (1803)

Answer 23

Established judicial review.

It gave the supreme court the most power.

Question 24

McCulloch v Maryland (1819).

Answer 24

Confirmed constitutionality of the Bank of the United States

Question 25

Dartmouth College v Woodward (1819)

Answer 25

power to regulate contracts

Question 26

Gibbons v Ogden (1824)

Answer 26

Power to regulate interstate commerce

Question 27

Worcester v Georgia (1833)

Answer 27

It established tribal anatomy within their own boundaries.
The Cherokees, mainly in Georgia, owned land where foreigners found gold and attempted to push all the natives out. Supreme courted ruled it as illegal.

Question 28

Scott v Sandford (1857)

Answer 28

“Dred Scott Decision;” Slaves are not citizens, but was turned down by the 14th Amendment.
Dred scott was a slave who traveled to a free state with his owner, and they argued that since it was a free state, they could state.

Question 29

Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

Answer 29

Established “separate by equal”

It was later overturned in 1954 with Brown v Board of Education

Question 30

Korematsu v US (1941)

Answer 30

Legalized detention camps for Japanese- Americans during world war II.
Fred K was a Japanese America brisking the situation of the interment camps. He lost and the internment camps were legalized. FDR enacted the executive order of 9066 led to the internment camps.

Question 31

Ex Parte Endo (1944)

Answer 31

Reversed the Korematsu v Unterest.

Question 32

Warren Court (1953-1969)

Answer 32

Earl Warren and his court upheld civil rights found in the Bill of RIghts

Question 33

Brown v Board of Educations (1954)

Answer 33

Declared “separate by equal” segregation in public school unconstitutional.
It reversed Plessy v Ferguson.

Question 34

Gideon v Wainwright (1960s)

Answer 34

Right to legal counsel. No matter the money or crime, everyone is guaranteed a lawyer.

Question 35

Miranda v Arizona (1960s)

Answer 35

Miranda Rights. It guaranteed everyone know their rights before being detained.

Question 36

Griswold v Connecticut (1960s)

Answer 36

Gave married couples right to birth control and privacy

Question 37

Roe v Wade (1973)

Answer 37

Right to abortion

Question 38

Munn v Illinois (1877)

Answer 38

Upheld state granger laws that regulated railroads.
Granger laws was a populist form that united workers who tried to shape their agricultural goods and were charged higher rates than manufacturer shipping their manufactured goods do.

Question 39

Northern Securities (1904)

Answer 39

Government has the right to fight monopolies.

It was under Teddy Roosevelt.

Question 40

Schenck v US (1919)

Answer 40

1st Amendment can be restricted if speech presents “clear and present danger”
This came after the first red scare and the the United States was recoiling to isolationism again.

Question 41

Schechter v US (1936)

Answer 41

Declared the NRA unconstitutional.

It was viewed as expanding the government’s power too much.