Supreme Court Cases

Question 1

court case that established judicial review

Answer 1

Marbury vs. Madison

Question 2

decision from Yazoo land cases, 1803, and upheld sanctity of contracts

Answer 2

Fletcher v. Peck

Question 3

New Hampshire attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of US Constitution

Answer 3

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Question 4

Established that Indian tribes had rights to tribal lands that preceded all other American law; only the federal government could take land from the tribes

Answer 4

Johnson v. McIntosh

Question 5

clarified the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce

Answer 5

Gibbons v. Ogden

Question 6

“Indians are domestic dependent nation” established a “trust relationship” with the tribes directly under federal authority

Answer 6

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Question 7

established tribal autonomy within their boundaries

Answer 7

Worcester v. Georgia

Question 8

declared that interests of the community are more important than the interests of business

Answer 8

Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge

Question 9

said that labor unions were lawful and that the strike was a lawful weapon

Answer 9

Commonwealth v. Hunt

Question 10

Dredd Scott was not a citizen and hand no standing in a court. Voided the Missouri Compromise of 1820

Answer 10

Scott v. Sanford

Question 11

ruled that a civilian cannot be tried in military counts when civil courts are available

Answer 11

Ex Parte Milligan

Question 12

declared that state-passed Granger laws regulating interstate commerce were unconstitutional

Answer 12

Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railway Co v. Illinois

Question 13

found that Granger laws regulations were violations of the 5th amendment to property

Answer 13

Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Co v. Minnesota

Question 14

declared income taxes unconstitutional

Answer 14

Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan and Trusts

Question 15

undermined the authority of the federal government to act against monopolies

Answer 15

U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co

Question 16

legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of “separate but equal”

Answer 16

Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 17

re-established the authority of the federal government to fight monopolies under the Sherman Anti-trust Act

Answer 17

Northern Securities Co v U.S.

Question 18

declared unconstitutional a New York act limiting the working hours of bakers on the basis of 14th Amendment rights

Answer 18

Lochner v New York

Question 19

recognized a 10 hour working day for women laundry workers on the grounds of health and community concerns

Answer 19

Muller v Oregon

Question 20

declared the Keating-Owen Act (a child labor act) unconstitutional on the grounds that it was an invasion of state authority

Answer 20

Hammer v Dagenhart

Question 21

unanimously upheld the Espionage Act of 1917, which declared that people who interfered with the war effort were subject to imprisonment; declared that the 1st Amendment right to freedom of speech was not absolute; free speech could be limited if its exercise presented a “clear and present danger”

Answer 21

Schenck v. US

Question 22

declared unconstitutional a minimum wage law fr women on the grounds that it denied women freedome of contract

Answer 22

Adkins v Children’s Hospital

Question 23

declared the National Industrial Recovery Act (FDR) unconstitutional on three different grounds

Answer 23

Schecter v US

Question 24

upheld constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans during WWII

Answer 24

Korematsu v US

Question 25

forbade the interment of Japanese Americans born in the US

Answer 25

Ex Parte Endo

Question 26

unanimous decision declaring “separate but equal” unconstitutional

Answer 26

Brown v Board of Ed

Question 27

extended to the defendant the right of counsel in all state and federal criminal trials, regardless of ability to pay

Answer 27

Gideon v. Wainwright

Question 28

ruled that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioning by police

Answer 28

Escobedo v. Illinois

Question 29

court ruled that those subjected to in-custody interrogation must be advised of their right to an attorney and their right to remain silent

Answer 29

Miranda v Arizona

Question 30

court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict access to it during the first three months of pregnancy based on the 4th amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons

Answer 30

Roe v Wade

Question 31

court rejected Richard Nixon’s claim to an absolute “executive privilege” against any judicial process

Answer 31

US v Richard Nixon

Question 32

ambiguous ruling by a badly divided court that dealt with affirmative action programs using race as a basis for selecting participants. The court in general upheld affirmative action, but with a 4/4/1 split, it was a very weak decision

Answer 32

Bakke v Regents of the University of California