supreme court CASES Flashcards by coal vxu

roe v wade

1973
struck down state laws restricting abortion
= made it a federal right

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Planned Parenthood v Casey

1992
challenged Pennsylvania’s Abortion Control Act which imposed restrictions such as informed consent, parental consent, 24 hour waiting period.
= established as unconstitutional under roe v wade

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Gonzales v Carhart

2007
upheld the constitutionality of the 2003 Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act.
= created a precedent that anyone who delivers and kills a living foetus could face legal consequences, except to save the mother’s life. (late abortions)

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Dobbs v Jackson

2022
overturned Roe v Wade,
= gave powers back to states

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Adarand Constructors v Pena

1995
challenged federal program giving financial incentives to general contractors who hired racial minorities. they would hire based on diversity, not price
= unconstitutional, narrowed affirmative action in employment

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Gratz v Bollinger

2003
challenged University of Michigan’s admissions policy that automatically awarded points to racial minorities.
= unconstitutional as it violated the Equal Protection Clause.

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Schuette v CDAA

2014
upheld Michigan’s ban on race-conscious admissions policies
= ruled that the ban does not violate the EPC

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UT-Austin v Fisher (2nd one)

2013 and 2016
white students challenged Uni of Texas’s consideration of race in the admissions process.
=affirmed that narrowly tailored use of race in admissions can be constitutional

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Bush v Gore

2000
disputed florida recount in in presidential election.
=decided the 2000 election in favour of bush essentially

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NFIB v Sebelius

2010
challenged the consitutionality of the Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate, requiring Americans to have health insurance.
= preserved the ACA

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NLRB v Canning

2014
ruled that the President’s recess appointment power is limited (after obama waiting until the senate was on recess)

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West Virginia v EPA

2022
the court ruled that the EPA lacked clear congressional authority to implement regulatory schemes like the Clean Power Plan.
=limited the power of the EPA

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Trump v US

2024
president can be in office with immunity.
free from subsequent prosecutions after leaving office.

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Shelby v Holder

2013
challenged Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act which required federal preclearance for changes to voting laws
=removed preclearance and gave power back to the states

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Allen v Michigan

2023
whether the state of Alabama’s 2021 redistricting plan for its 7 seats in the house of repr violated the voting rights act.
= resulted that alabama’s redistricting map diluted the power of black residents = violates the voting rights amendment

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Haaland v Brackeen

2023
said that the adopted native american kid in texas had to be placed with a native american family
= upholds the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA)

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Crawford v Marion country

2008
challenged indiana’s voting id laws, saying it disproportionately affected low income and minority voters.
= upheld voter ID law, set a precedent allowing states to implement strict voting rights requirements

Printz v USA

1997
struck down the Brady Handgun Prevention Act which ruled that you have to perform a background check before buying a gun
= expanded voting rights

DC v Heller

2008
challenged DC’s handgun bans and requirements that firearms must be kept unloaded and disassembled or bound by a trigger lock
= you can keep a loaded gun at home for self-defence. expands gun rights

McDonald v Chicago

2010
ruled that chicago’s ban on handguns was unconstitutional
= can now carry guns

NYSRPA v Bruen

2022
struck down a NY law requiring individuals to carry a gun in a locked box
you can now carry openly

Engel v Vitale

1962
ruled a voluntary non-denominational prayer being recited at the beginning of each school day in NY was unconstitutional as it was government endorsement of religion

Allegheny County v ACLU

1989
court ruled that nativity scene IN a Allegheny county house was a violation of the establishment clause of the 1st amendment
but a menorah OUTSIDE the house was constitutional

McCreary County v ACLU

2005
ruled that the county courthouse’s display of the 10 commandments (which claimed to be the “foundation of american law”) was unconstitutional under the establishment clause of the 1st amendment.

Kennedy v Bremerton

2022 Kennedy was a football coach who started every game with a voluntary prayer. he was fired by bremerton school district so it wouldnt result in a lawsuit about the establishment clause court held that Kennedy was protected under free speech.

Gideon v Wainwright

1963 challenged Florida's refusal to appoint counsel for indignent defendents = guaranteed right to attorney for criminal defendants who cannot afford one.

Miranda v Arizona

1966 challenged policy interrogation practices that led to Ernesto Miranda's confession without being informed of his rights. = required police to inform suspects of their rights before custodial interrogation.

Riley v California + count

2014 ruled digital possession is different to physical possession, so the police require a seperate warrant. 9-0

US v Windsor

2013 challenged the Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA) which defined marriage federally as between a man and woman, denying federal benefits to same-sex couples. = paved way for federal recognition of same-sex marriage

Obergefell v Hodges

2015 same-sex marriage was legalised nation-wide

Ricci v DeStefano

2009 white and hispanic fighters sued when their promotion exam results were discarded because no black fighters scored high enough for a promotion. = limits affirmative action in employment

Furman v Georgia

1972 found death penalty laws in Georgia arbitrary and potentially discriminatory, suspending capital punishment nationwide. (until baze v rees etc)

Atkins v Virginia

2002 ruled that executing individuals with intellectual disabilities violates the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment =Each state can measure what intellectually disabled is. But this comes up in hall v florida

Baze v Rees

2008 ruled kentuck's lethal injection protocol for death row was constitutional under the 8th Amendment of no cruel and unusual punishment

Hall v Florida

2010 The court ruled that Florida’s strict IQ threshold for intellectual disability in determining the use of the death penalty was unconstitutional under the 8th amendment = federalised definition for intellectually disabled.

Texas v Johnson

1989 struck texas law prohibiting flag desecration =expanded First Amendment protections to include symbolic actions

US v Eichman

1990 decided that the flag desecration act of 1989 (congress' response to Texas v Johnson) was unconstitutional as it violated the 1st amendment

McCutcheon v FEC

2014 decided that caps on how much an individual could contribute to federal candidates, parties, and PACs during the election violated the 1st amendment which deregulated campaign finances

McCullen v Coakley and ruling

2014, 9-0 decided it was unconstitutional for Massachusetts to create a safety buffering zone around abortion clinics so women wouldnt be harassed after abortions

Snyder v Phelps

2011, 8-1 family of a deceased marine sued westboro baptist church for picketing his funeral with homophobic signs, claiming emotional distress = ruled for westboro, strengthened the first amendment protections for controversial speech

evidence that it is a case by case basis

death penalty - furman v georgia bans death penalty but then recersed in baze v rees, glossip v gross reinforces