Supreme Court Academic Team

Question 1

Marbury V.S. Madison(Marshall 1803)

Answer 1

Marshall established the principle of judicial review, i.e., the power to declare a law unconstitutional. The Judiciary Act of 1789 was declared unconstitutional.

Question 2

McCulloch V.S. Maryland (Marshall 1819)

Answer 2

Maryland wanted to tax the bank. Supreme Court decision upholding the supremacy of the national government over the states/implied powers clause also strengthened-national bank established because this supported power to tax.

Question 3

Shenck V.S. U.S. (Holmes 1919)

Answer 3

Socialists Charles Schenck and Elizabeth Baer distributed leaflets declaring that the draft violated the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude.
The Espionage Act did not violate the First Amendment and was an appropriate exercise of Congress’ wartime authority.
He compared the leaflets to falsely shouting “Fire!” in a crowded theatre, which is not permitted under the First Amendment.

Question 4

Brown V.S. Board of Ed, of Topeka

Answer 4

Justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional
“separate but equal” facilities are inherently unequal and violate the protections of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 5

Baker v Carr (Brennan 1962)

Answer 5

Enabled courts to hear redistricting cases
Tennessee districts disproportionately represented citizens in rural areas. 6-2 decision in favor of Baker (Tennessee residents)

Question 6

Gideon v Wainwright (Black 1963)

Answer 6

The Sixth Amendment right to counsel is a fundamental right applied to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution’s Due Process Clause, and requires that indigent criminal defendants be provided counsel at trial. Supreme Court of Florida reversed.
provide an attorney to defendants who are unable to afford their own attorneys

Question 7

Miranda v Arizona (Warren 1966)

Answer 7

The Fifth Amendment right against self incrimination requires law enforcement officials to advise a suspect interrogated in custody of their rights to remain silent and to obtain an attorney, at no charge if need be.
MIRANDA RIGHTS (from law enforcement)

Question 8

Tinker v Des Moines (Fortas 1969)

Answer 8

Students wore black armbands to school to protest vietnam
The First Amendment, as applied through the Fourteenth, did not permit a public school to punish a student for wearing a black armband as an anti-war protest In translation, what is the codon that must be present for translation to begin.
Fortas wrote the famous quote, “It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.”
administrators would have to demonstrate constitutionally valid reasons for any specific regulation of speech in the classroom

Question 9

Wisconsin v Yoder (Burger 1972)

Answer 9

Amish children could not be placed under compulsory education past 8th grade
The parents’ fundamental right to freedom of religion was determined to outweigh the state’s interest in educating their children.
The case is often cited as a basis for parents’ right to educate their children outside of traditional private or public schools

Question 10

Roe V. Wade

Answer 10

Norma McCorvey— pseudonym "Jane Roe"
abortion, but she lived in Texas, where abortion was illegal except when necessary to save the mother's life.
"right to privacy" that protects a pregnant woman's right to choose whether or not to have an abortion. But it also ruled that this right is not absolute, and must be balanced against the government's interests in protecting women's health and protecting prenatal life
First Trim (not prohibit) Second (reasonable health regulations) Third (could be prohibited entirely)

Question 11

United Sates V.S. Lopez

Answer 11

5-4
while Congress had broad lawmaking authority under the Commerce Clause, the power was limited, and did not extend so far from “commerce” as to authorize the regulation of the carrying of handguns

Question 12

United States V.S.

Answer 12

Court held that the free speech clause of the 1st amend prohibits the gov from restricting independent expenditures for political communications by corporations, including nonprofit corporations, labor unions, and other associations.