Supraventricular Rhythms

Question 1

Sinus Bradycardia : Causes

Answer 1

• Normal in well conditioned Heart (Athletes)
  -ICP (increased Intracranial Pressure
  -Increased Vagal tone due to straining during bowel movement
  -Vomiting
• Intubation
• Mechanical intubation
• Sick Sinus Syndrome
• Inferior Wall MI
  _ May occur with Anticholinesterase
• Beta-adregenic Blocker
• Digoxin
  -Morphine

Question 2

Sinus Bradycardia: Features

Answer 2

• Rate <60
• Rhythm: Regular
• P waves: Occur before each QRS complex; look the same in shape and size
• P - R interval: Normal
• QRS complexes: Occur after each P wave; look the same in shape and size

Question 3

Sinus Tachycardia: Features

Answer 3

• Rate >100
• Rhythm: Regular
• P waves: Occur before each QRS complex; look the same in shape and size
• P - R interval: Normal
• QRS complexes: Occur after each P wave; look the same in shape and size

Question 4

Sinus Tachycardia: Causes

Answer 4

Normal physiological Response to fever, exercise, anxiety, pain, dehydration, may also accompany SHOCK, Left-sided HF, anemia, HYPOVOLEMIA, PE, May also occur with Atropine, Epinephrine, Caffeine, alcohol, amphetamine, nicotine use

Question 5

Atrial Flutter: Features

Answer 5

Rate: >100
Rhythm: Regular (may vary depending on degree of AV Block
P waves: cannot be found; replaced by flutter (F) waves, which may have SAWTOOTH pattern
P-R interval: Cannot determine
QRS complexes: Look the same shape and size; normal

Question 6

Atrial Flutter: Causes

Answer 6

• HF
• Tricuspid or Mitral Valve Disease
• PE
• Cor pulmonale
• Interior-wall MI
• Pericarditis
• Digoxin Toxicity

Question 7

Atrial Fibrillation: Features

Answer 7

Rate: >100 (grossly irregular, 350-450 bpm)
Rhythm: Irregular
P waves: cannot be found
P-R interval: cannot determine
QRS complexes: Look the same in shape and size

Question 8

Atrial Fibrillation: Causes

Answer 8

- HF
COPD
-Ischemic Heart Disease
- Sepsis
- PE
- Rheumatic Heart Disease
- Hypertension
- Mitral Stenosis
- Complication of Coronary bypass or Valve replacement surgery
- nifedipine and digoxin use