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Business Management > Supply Chain MGT Slides 32-72 > Flashcards

Supply Chain MGT Slides 32-72 Flashcards

1
Q

What is process planning concerned with

A

Layout planning
Process design

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2
Q

Define layout planning

A

The specific design of the physical arrangement within a facility

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3
Q

What is process design

A

Selecting the inputs , production methods and process types(mass ,batch) to be used

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4
Q

Define capital intensity

A

Proportion of tasks in a production or service process performed by machine relative to the tasks performed by humans

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5
Q

What does the level of capital intensity significantly impact on

A

Production costs

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6
Q

Define resource flexibility

A

Ease with which employees or equipment can operate a wide variety of products , functions and levels of output
Or the ease with which resources can be changed in response to changes in supply or market conditions

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7
Q

Benefits of a flexible workforce

A

Higher productivity
Better moral
Wider product range

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8
Q

Define vertical integration

A

The process of extending a firms presence in the marketing channel either forward toward the consumer or backward toward suppliers usually through ownership of new stages in the channel

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9
Q

What direction will firms integrate if they expand by buying a customer

A

Forward or downstream vertical integration

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10
Q

What direction will firms integrate if they expand by buying a supplier

A

Backward or upstream vertical integration

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11
Q

Define customer involvement

A

The degree to which the customer is allowed to interact with the process

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12
Q

Examples of customer involvement

A

Production selection
Input selection
Product design
Location of service

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13
Q

What is quality control

A

The activities for ensuring quality in products eg identifying defect in the actual products produced

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14
Q

What is quality assurance

A

Is the activities for ensuring quality in the process by which products are developed

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15
Q

Name the costs associated with maintaining quality

A

Prevention
Appraisal
Internal failure
External failure

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16
Q

What is prevention costs

A

Costs associated with stopping defects before they happen

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17
Q

What is appraisal costs

A

Costs incurred in monitoring the quality level of products and services during production

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18
Q

What is internal failure costs

A

Costs generated during the production and or rework of defective parts and services

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19
Q

What is external failure costs

A

Costs incurred when the product or service fails once it is in the consumers hands

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20
Q

Name the alternative quality management measures

A

Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)
Total quality management (TQM)

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21
Q

When was HACCP developed

A

1960’s

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22
Q

Who developed HACCP

A

NASA - guarantee safety of food of astronauts

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23
Q

What does HACCP focus on

A

Prevention rather than end product testing due to less wastage

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24
Q

Outline steps in HACCP

A

•Identify hazard and asses their severity and risks
•Determine critical control points
•Determine control of hazard & establish criteria to ensure control(measurable critical limits)
•Monitor critical control points
•Record data on time/ temp logs
•Take action whenever monitoring results indicate criteria are not being met
•Verify the system is functioning as planned (audit procedures & records)

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25
Q

What is Total Quality Management (TQM)

A

An integrated management concept directed towards continuous quality improvement

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26
Q

What does TQM view quality as

A

Involving groups both outside (suppliers and customers) and inside the organisation

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27
Q

Outline evolution of TQM

A

Inspection - initially quality was maintained by inspection at end of the process
More detailed monitoring of the manufacturing process
Making quality an objective throughout the organisation

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28
Q

What is supply chain management

A

The process of managing the complete input acquisition and output distribution channel for a firm; involves linking the materials and physical distribution systems of a firm directly with supplier and customer systems resulting in greater efficiencies.

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29
Q

What does inventory consist of

A

-finished products ready for sale,
–items that have been purchased for use in producing goods and services to be sold
-work in progress

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30
Q

What % does inventory account for of assets

A

35 to 50%

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31
Q

What is Efficient Consumer Response

A

A system that links food manufacturers and distributors with retail supermarkets

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32
Q

What does Efficient Consumer Response involve

A

–Replenishment of products as they are used,
–Providing the right assortment of products
–Introducing new products
–Developing Effective promotion strategies

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33
Q

What has played a key role in improving supply chain management

A

Improved information technology

34
Q

How has improved information technology played a key role in improving supply chain management

A

Facilitates the links between suppliers, distributors and consumers

35
Q

What is risk reduction in SCM

A

Supply chain managers may establish contracts with suppliers or customers allowing for shared information and shared investments in transportation, facilities, new technologies, inventories and product distribution.

36
Q

What is Globalisation in supply chain management

A

An effective logistics system is vital if you are to compete globally.
•Need to be able to guarantee the timely delivery of inputs and products to export markets.
•This can be done by developing your own marketing channels or partnering with other firms.

37
Q

What is forecasting demand defined as

A

an estimate of future customer demand.

38
Q

What do short range forecasts influence

A

things like raw materials purchases, inventory and aggregate production planning

39
Q

What do long range forecasts influence

A

decisions regarding distribution facilities, logistics decisions etc.

40
Q

How are forecasts typically made

A

using scientific techniques based on historical usage and adjusted to accommodate various factors such as life cycle, cyclical usage patterns, promotions and pricing actions.

41
Q

What is Aggregate production planning defined as

A

the process of developing time-phased specific production quantities and rates, and workforce sizes and rates, while balancing customer requirements and the capacity limitations of plant and equipment.

42
Q

What does aggregate production planning combine

A

short and long-range forecasts with current capacity limitations, inventories and other information to plan how much ingredients, labour and equipment are required.

43
Q

Is Aggregate Production Planning monthly ,quarterly or annual

A

All of the above

44
Q

What should Aggregate Production Planning aim to maximise

A

Customer service

45
Q

What should Aggregate Production Planning aim to minimise while aiming to maximise customer service

A

inventories, production rates and workforce levels.

46
Q

What provides the exact quantities of stock keeping units

A

The sales forecasts and actual orders

47
Q

What is Stock Keeping Units

A

specific items of goods for sale for which individual records are kept and that is tracked throughout a firm’s logistics system.

48
Q

What is Master Production Schedule (MPS)

A

detailing the final quantities stock keeping units that are to be made in specific blocks of time; created once specific orders for products have been received and /or short-range sales forecasts have been determined.

49
Q

MPS details weekly requirements for how many months

A

6-12 months

50
Q

Define Purchasing

A

all tasks involved in procuring the raw materials and inputs necessary to meet the requirements of the production schedule.

51
Q

Name the 4 types of products agribusiness typically buy

A

–Products used for further processing
–Products that are resold
–Products used directly in the firm’s final products
–Products used to make the product but not used in the product itself

52
Q

What are the activities carried out by the purchasing function

A

–Receive a purchase requisition and look for cheaper alternatives
–Select a qualified supplier based on price, quality, timeliness and customer service
–Place the order
–Track the order monitor deliveries and production schedules to try to avoid a delay in delivery that could disrupt production and future sales.
–Receive the order and approve payment works with receiving and accounting to ensure goods are received satisfactorily before authorising payment

53
Q

What is production control defined as

A

all activities related to:
–controlling raw materials inventory,
–providing detailed production scheduling information,
–controlling work-in-process inventory,
–communicating changes to master production scheduling and purchasing,
–controlling finished goods inventory.

54
Q

What system might companies used to control production

A

Just-in-Time systems

55
Q

What is Just-in-Time

A

defined as an operating philosophy and production system with the goal of producing and/or delivering goods just as they are needed, in effect eliminating inventories.

56
Q

What is the aim of Just-in-Time operation

A

eliminate waste, inefficiencies and unproductive time

57
Q

What is inventory defined as

A

items that are held for sale in the ordinary course of business, that have been purchased for use in producing goods and services to be sold, and work in progress.

58
Q

From an accounting perspective what is inventory viewed as

A

An asset

59
Q

If there is a cost associated with holding inventory why do it?

A

1.Customer service so you have stock to meet customer demand immediately.
2.Speculative, you may choose to hold inventory because you are speculating on what will happen to future demand.
3.Inventory may be held to reduce ordering costs, transportation costs or to get the input for a lower unit cost e.g. by buying bulk.
4.Precautionary – inventory or stocks may be held to reduce future risk of running out.

60
Q

Name the three main categories of inventory

A

–Unprocessed raw materials
–Work in progress
–Finished goods

61
Q

Name the two types of inventory management systems

A

Periodic Inventory
Continuous Inventory

62
Q

What is Periodic Inventory

A

is a physical count of the stock on hand, conducted at regular intervals.

63
Q

Advantage of Periodic Inventory

A

It minimises record keeping

64
Q

Disadvantage of Periodic Inventory

A

The day to day stock levels are uncertain

65
Q

What is Continuous Inventory

A

is a constant monitoring of the stock on hand.

66
Q

Name the developments that have facilitated continuous inventory

A

information technology - bar code scanners

67
Q

Advantage of Continuous Inventory

A

In theory the quantity on hand is always up to date

68
Q

Disadvantage of Continuous Inventory

A

System is only as good and reliable as the people operating it

69
Q

What are Physical Distribution Systems defined as

A

the series of marketing channels through which parts, products and finished inventory are stored and moved from suppliers, between outlets and ultimately to consumers.

70
Q

What does the Physical Distribution System include

A

–Transportation
–Storage/warehousing
–Delivery of finished products

71
Q

What should be considered when planning distribution system

A

–Location of customers
–Level of customer service required
–Need to control or influence the image with the customer

72
Q

Name the three basic categories of Physical Distribution System

A

–Warehousing – where finished goods will be stored
–Transportation – how goods will be moved
–Carrier – the scheduling, routing and selection of the carrier

73
Q

What does warehousing represent

A

a substantial operating cost as well as capital investment

74
Q

When choosing where to locate finishing goods what are the types of placement you should choose

A

Forward
Backward

75
Q

What is Forward Placement in relation to locating finished goods

A

locating finished goods in a warehouse close to customers

76
Q

Advantages of forward placement

A

–This allows for very quick delivery times
–In turn can lead to increased sales

77
Q

What is Backward Placement in relation to locating finished goods

A

locating finished goods at the production facility

78
Q

Advantage of Backward Placement

A

By centralising your warehousing system may be able to reduce the overall number of goods held in inventory.

79
Q

Disadvantage of Backward Placement

A

overall customer service offered may be reduced.

80
Q

When choosing the method of transportation what should the choice of method be based on

A

–Length of Transit time
–Geographic and Product Flexibility
–Cost
–Damages in Transit
–Number of times goods are re-handled in transport

81
Q

What are customers

A

those who purchase outputs (products, services and or information) from a firm.

82
Q

What is the final link of the supply chain

A

customers

Business Management (7 decks)

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