Supplements Flashcards
What are the botanical/herbal substances?
echinacea, garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, milk thistle, st. johns wort, saw palmetto
What are the purified supplements?
coenzyme Q10, glucosamine, melatonin
T/F current supplements are either plant-based of synthetic
true
Why are supplements not more widely accepted by the medical community?
clinical studies are poorly designed to not account for placebo and are not peer reviewed, complicated legally
T/F supplements are regulated as medication by the FDA
false, supplements are regulated as food which eliminates the need for proof of efficacy and safety prior to marketing
What are the uses of echinacea?
immune modulation, anti-inflammatory effects, antibacterial/fungal/viral and antioxidant effects
What are the adverse effects of echinacea?
flu like symptoms, unpleasant taste and GI upset, rash
What are the contraindications of echinacea?
immune deficiency disorders, autoimmune disease, and TB, also so preparations have a high alcohol content
What are the uses of garlic?
cardiovascular effects, decrease total cholesterol, anti-platelet effects (blood thinning), decrease in bp, antibiotic effects, reduction of carcinogen activation
What are the adverse effects of garlic?
nausea, hypotension, allergy, bleeding, body odor, contact dermatitis
What are contraindications of garlic?
avoid in patients taking anti-clotting medications, monitor blood pressure and signs of bleeding
What are the uses of ginkgo?
cardiovascular– increased blood flow and vasodilation, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, improvements in cognition and concentration and other central nervous system effects
What are the adverse effects of Ginkgo?
nausea, headache, stomach upset, diarrhea, insomnia
What are contraindications of Ginkgo?
patients taking anti-platelet or anticoagulant medications and avoid patients with seizure disorders
What are the uses of Ginseng?
increased immune function, increased CNS levels of ACh/serotonin/NE/dopamine, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, anti-platelet, improved glucose homeostasis, anticancer
What are the adverse effects of Ginseng?
bleeding, insomnia, nervousness, hypertension
What are contraindications of ginseng?
caution in pts on psychiatric of hypoglycemic medications, do not combine with blood thinners, caution in patients with immune disease
What are the uses of milk thistle?
limits hepatic injury, reduce tumor initiation in skin cancer, induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, induce lactation
What are the adverse effects of milk thistle?
GI upset and headaches
What are the contraindications of milk thistle?
none
What are the effects of St. John’s Wort (hypericum perforatum)?
antidepressant by inhibition of re-uptake of serotonin/NE/dopamine, increased expression of serotonin receptors, antiviral and anticarcinogenic
What are the adverse effects of St. John’s Wort?
photosensitization and mood swings
What are the contraindications of St. John’s Wort?
avoid in pts using tradition antidepressants (risk serotonin syndrome) reduces levels of other drugs by inducing CYP enzymes
REMEMBER St. John’s Wort reduces levels of other drugs like:
birth control, cyclosporine, NNRT inhibitors, warfarin, and anticonvulsants
What are the uses of Saw Palmetto?
treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia by inhibiting conversion of testosterone to DHT and reducing binding of DHT to androgen receptors
What are the adverse effects of Saw Palmetto?
abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue and headaches
What are the contradindications of Saw Palmetto (serenoa repends or sabal serrulata)?
none noted
Where is coenzyme q10 found?
mitochondria of heart, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle
What are the uses of Coenzyme Q10?
potent antioxidant, lowers bp, improves heart output, helps ischemic heart disease, prevents statin-induced myopathy (cholesterol muscle soreness)
What are the adverse effects of Coenzyme Q10?
GI upset in less than 1 percent
What are the contraindications for Coenzyme Q10?
warfarin effects are decreased
Where is glucosamine found?
in human tissue, is a substrate for the production of cartilage aka acts as cartilage nutrient
Where is glucosamine derived commercially?
crabs and crustaceans
What are the uses of glucosamine?
maintenance and strengthening of existing cartilage
What are the adverse effects of glucosamine?
well tolerated, mild GI occasionally
What are the contraindications of glucosamine?
increased effect of warfarin and shellfish allergies
What is melatonin?
a serotonin derivative believed to regulate sleep-wake cycles, release is suppressed by daylight
What are the uses of melatonin?
jet lag, insomnia (improve sleep onset, duration, and quality and increase REM sleep)
What are the adverse effects of melatonin?
next day drowsiness and fatigue, dizziness, headache, irritability, maybe affects blood pressure
What are possible drug interactions of melatonin?
NSAIDS, antidepressants, B agonists and antagonists, and warfarin
