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Systemic Pharm I > Supplements > Flashcards

Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the botanical/herbal substances?

A

echinacea, garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, milk thistle, st. johns wort, saw palmetto

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2
Q

What are the purified supplements?

A

coenzyme Q10, glucosamine, melatonin

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3
Q

T/F current supplements are either plant-based of synthetic

A

true

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4
Q

Why are supplements not more widely accepted by the medical community?

A

clinical studies are poorly designed to not account for placebo and are not peer reviewed, complicated legally

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5
Q

T/F supplements are regulated as medication by the FDA

A

false, supplements are regulated as food which eliminates the need for proof of efficacy and safety prior to marketing

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6
Q

What are the uses of echinacea?

A

immune modulation, anti-inflammatory effects, antibacterial/fungal/viral and antioxidant effects

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7
Q

What are the adverse effects of echinacea?

A

flu like symptoms, unpleasant taste and GI upset, rash

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8
Q

What are the contraindications of echinacea?

A

immune deficiency disorders, autoimmune disease, and TB, also so preparations have a high alcohol content

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9
Q

What are the uses of garlic?

A

cardiovascular effects, decrease total cholesterol, anti-platelet effects (blood thinning), decrease in bp, antibiotic effects, reduction of carcinogen activation

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10
Q

What are the adverse effects of garlic?

A

nausea, hypotension, allergy, bleeding, body odor, contact dermatitis

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11
Q

What are contraindications of garlic?

A

avoid in patients taking anti-clotting medications, monitor blood pressure and signs of bleeding

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12
Q

What are the uses of ginkgo?

A

cardiovascular– increased blood flow and vasodilation, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, improvements in cognition and concentration and other central nervous system effects

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13
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ginkgo?

A

nausea, headache, stomach upset, diarrhea, insomnia

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14
Q

What are contraindications of Ginkgo?

A

patients taking anti-platelet or anticoagulant medications and avoid patients with seizure disorders

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15
Q

What are the uses of Ginseng?

A

increased immune function, increased CNS levels of ACh/serotonin/NE/dopamine, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, anti-platelet, improved glucose homeostasis, anticancer

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16
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ginseng?

A

bleeding, insomnia, nervousness, hypertension

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17
Q

What are contraindications of ginseng?

A

caution in pts on psychiatric of hypoglycemic medications, do not combine with blood thinners, caution in patients with immune disease

18
Q

What are the uses of milk thistle?

A

limits hepatic injury, reduce tumor initiation in skin cancer, induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, induce lactation

19
Q

What are the adverse effects of milk thistle?

A

GI upset and headaches

20
Q

What are the contraindications of milk thistle?

A

none

21
Q

What are the effects of St. John’s Wort (hypericum perforatum)?

A

antidepressant by inhibition of re-uptake of serotonin/NE/dopamine, increased expression of serotonin receptors, antiviral and anticarcinogenic

22
Q

What are the adverse effects of St. John’s Wort?

A

photosensitization and mood swings

23
Q

What are the contraindications of St. John’s Wort?

A

avoid in pts using tradition antidepressants (risk serotonin syndrome) reduces levels of other drugs by inducing CYP enzymes

24
Q

REMEMBER St. John’s Wort reduces levels of other drugs like:

A

birth control, cyclosporine, NNRT inhibitors, warfarin, and anticonvulsants

25
Q

What are the uses of Saw Palmetto?

A

treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia by inhibiting conversion of testosterone to DHT and reducing binding of DHT to androgen receptors

26
Q

What are the adverse effects of Saw Palmetto?

A

abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue and headaches

27
Q

What are the contradindications of Saw Palmetto (serenoa repends or sabal serrulata)?

A

none noted

28
Q

Where is coenzyme q10 found?

A

mitochondria of heart, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle

29
Q

What are the uses of Coenzyme Q10?

A

potent antioxidant, lowers bp, improves heart output, helps ischemic heart disease, prevents statin-induced myopathy (cholesterol muscle soreness)

30
Q

What are the adverse effects of Coenzyme Q10?

A

GI upset in less than 1 percent

31
Q

What are the contraindications for Coenzyme Q10?

A

warfarin effects are decreased

32
Q

Where is glucosamine found?

A

in human tissue, is a substrate for the production of cartilage aka acts as cartilage nutrient

33
Q

Where is glucosamine derived commercially?

A

crabs and crustaceans

34
Q

What are the uses of glucosamine?

A

maintenance and strengthening of existing cartilage

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of glucosamine?

A

well tolerated, mild GI occasionally

36
Q

What are the contraindications of glucosamine?

A

increased effect of warfarin and shellfish allergies

37
Q

What is melatonin?

A

a serotonin derivative believed to regulate sleep-wake cycles, release is suppressed by daylight

38
Q

What are the uses of melatonin?

A

jet lag, insomnia (improve sleep onset, duration, and quality and increase REM sleep)

39
Q

What are the adverse effects of melatonin?

A

next day drowsiness and fatigue, dizziness, headache, irritability, maybe affects blood pressure

40
Q

What are possible drug interactions of melatonin?

A

NSAIDS, antidepressants, B agonists and antagonists, and warfarin

Systemic Pharm I (13 decks)

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