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Muscle Synergies > Supplementation > Flashcards

Supplementation Flashcards

1
Q

Some nutrients are supplemented by intake of fortified foods and their excess intake is more likely.

A

Vita A
Vita D
Iron
Zinc

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2
Q

Excess intake of iron can interfere with absorption of which mineral?

A

Zinc

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3
Q

A nutrient with no UL defined implies that?

A

There isn’t enough information to establish a UL value

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4
Q

In terms of Dietary Reference Intake terminology, the highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular life stage and gender group is called.

A

UL

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5
Q

Deficient blood clotting is sign of excess:

A

Vita E

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6
Q

Alteration of parathyroid hormone levels and reduced bone mineral density are potential effects of excess intake of

A

Phosphorous

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7
Q

It is important to seek guidance on supplementation from a qualified health professional to

A

avoid supplementation toxicity

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8
Q

Which vitamin is associated with birth defects if it’s taken in excess amounts at conception and early pregnancy?

A

Vita A

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9
Q

Gastrointestinal distress, increased risk of heart disease and oxidative stress are potential effects of excess intake of?

A

Iron

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10
Q

Retinol and Beta Carotene are used as supplements for?

A

Vita A

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11
Q

The daily values for vitamins and minerals on a dietary supplement label are based on the 1968 RDAs. These DVs are determined for?

A

Adults using higher of the recommended amounts for males and females.

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12
Q

DRI; 1998 focused on which types of nutrients?

A

Protein and B vitamins

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13
Q

All of the following are the reasons for having a diet with inadequate nutrients except?

A

Relying on regular and wholesome meals

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14
Q

The FDA states that a dietary supplement is basically, a labeled pill, capsule, tablet or liquid intended to supplement the diet and contains one or more?

A

vitamin
mineral
botanical
amino acid

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15
Q

Excess dosage of some nutrients in dietary supplements can result because of the differences in DVs and RDAs. Nutrients with the greates potential of excess dosage due to this difference are?

A

Vita A, Iron and zinc

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16
Q

In the elderly, mental and emotional changes due to nutrient deficiency are often mistaken for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Such changes in the elderly may indicate dietary deficiency of?

A

Vita B 12

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17
Q

Choose the correct statement: 1.The dietary Reference Intake values provide what constititutes harmful and excess intake of nutrients.2.The Dietary Reference Intakes can be adjusted for the special needs of women only. 3. The DIetary References Intakes are designed to estimate nutrient needs of people in various age groups but not that of people in various gender groups?

A

1 only

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18
Q

According to the US food and Drug admin, a dietary supplement includes all of the following except:

A

anything classified as a drug

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19
Q

In terms of DRI terminology, a recommended average daily nutrient intake level, based on observed (or experimentally determined) approximations or estimates of nutrient intake that are assumed to be adequate for a group (or groups) of healthy people, when an RDA cannot be determined?

A

AI

Adequate Intake

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20
Q

One potential effect of excess intake of copper is gastrointestinal distress. Name any other nutrient which can cause same problem if its intake is in excess.

A

Iron

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21
Q

Calcification of brain and arteries and increased blood calcium are some of the potential effects of excess intake of.

A

Vita D

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22
Q

On diet supplements labels, IU stands for:

A

International Unit

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23
Q

Excess intake of which mineral can cause gastrointestinal irritation?

A

Iron

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24
Q

Excess intake of calcium, vita C, or silicon can cause:

A

Liver damage

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25
Q

As a general rule of thumb, the safe level of most nutrients in a multivitamin/ mineral should be around 100 percent of the DV, However, there are some exceptions, including…

A

Vita A

Calcium

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26
Q

RDA stands for:

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance

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27
Q

Excess dosage of some nutrients in dietary supplements can result because of the differences in daily values and recommended dietary allowance. Nutrients with the greatest potential of excess dosage due to this difference are?

A

Vita A, D, and zinc

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28
Q

Vita A, if present in a supplement only as retinol rather than carotene, shuld be less than 100 percent of the DV because only retinol intake has potential effects, like:

A

Increased risk of pregnancy complications for mothers and increased incidence of hip fractures in older women.

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29
Q

Some nutrients are supplemented by intake of fortified foods and their excess intake is more likely. These nutrients include

A

VIta A, D, iron and zinc

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30
Q

Neurotoxicity is a potential effect of excess intake of:

A

manganese

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31
Q

On dietary supplement labels protein, carbohydrate and fat are generally expressed in:

A

Grams

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32
Q

Excess intake of which vitamin can cause permanent damage to sensory nerves?

A

Vita B-6

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33
Q

The DRIs most commonly used to evaluate or plan diets for individuals are the Recommended Dietary Allowance, Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Level (UL) values. Which DRI provides sufficient intake level for nearly all healthy individuals who are in a particular life stage and gender group?

A

RDA

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34
Q

Excess calcium consumed with other minerals inhibits the absorption of :

A

Some trace minerals only

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35
Q

Excess dosage of some nutrients in dietary supplements can result because of the differences in DVs and RDAs. Nutrients with the greatest potential of excess dosage due to this difference are:

A

Vita A, D, and Zinc

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36
Q

As a general rule of thumb, the safe level of most nutrients in a multi vitamin/ mineral should be around 100 percent of the DVs. However, there are some exceptions, including:

A

calcium and Vita A

37
Q

Of the following, which are not advised as a dietary supplement?

A

Germanium/ Cobalt

38
Q

Calcification of blood vessels is a result of excess intake of:

A

Vita D

39
Q

Liver damage, bone and joint pain, dry skin and loss of hair are potential effects of excess intake of:

A

Vita A

40
Q

AI, a DRI term, stands for

A

Adequate Intake

41
Q

Folic Acid masks deficiency of:

A

Vita B-12

42
Q

Kidney stones is one of the potential effects of excess intake of which nutrients?

A

Calcium, vita C and silicon

43
Q

Calcification of brain and arteries and increased blood calcium are sojme of the potential effects of excess intake of:

A

Vita D

44
Q

Hair loss is a potential effect of excess intake of:

A

Vita A or selenium

45
Q

Commonly used units of measure on dietary supplement labels are:

A

gram, milligram, microgram and international units

46
Q

Adverse effects on male and females repoductive system is indicative of excess intake of:

A

Boron

47
Q

DRI terminology, the average daily nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals who are in a particular life stage and gender group is called:

A

RDA

48
Q

Impaired immune function and low HDL Cholesterol are potential effects of excess intake of:

A

Zinc

49
Q

excess intake of some vitamins can result in extremely serious adverse effects. These vitamins are:

A

Vita A, D, and B-6

50
Q

As a general rule of thumb, the safe level of most nutrients in a multi vitamin/ mineral should be around:

A

100%

51
Q

One potential effect of excess intake of copper is gastrointestinal distress. Name any other nutrient which can cause the same problem if its intake is in excess.

A

Iron

52
Q

Some potential effects of excess intake of vita K are:

A

anemia and red blood cell and liver damage,

53
Q

There are no reports of toxicity from excess oral intake of:

A

biotin, and Vita B-12

54
Q

Some of the potential effects of excess intake of vitamin B-6 are:

A

neurological problems, numbness, pain in limbs

55
Q

Neurotoxicity is a potential effect of excess intake of

A

Manganese

56
Q

Gastrointestinal distress, increased risk of heart disease and oxidative stress are potential effects of excess intake of:

A

Iron

57
Q

The potential effects of excess oral intake of VIta B-12 are:

A

None

58
Q

Large doses of anti inflammatory drugs like Aspirin and ibuprofen may interfere with function:

A

folic acid

59
Q

Excess intake of fluoride can cause damage to :

A

kidneys, muscles and brain

60
Q

Excess intake of which mineral can sause gastrointestinal irritation?

A

Iron

61
Q

According to the US FDA, a dietary supplement includes all but the following:

A

anything classified as a drug

62
Q

The daily values for iron is 18mg/ day while the current RDA for a man is 8 mg/ day. The difference stems from :

A

a woman’s need for extra iron during menstruation

63
Q

Increased risk of lung cancer in smokers and those heavily exposed to asbestos and potential effects of excess intake of which nutrient?

A

Beta-carotene

64
Q

Excess intake of calcium, Vita C or silicon can cause:

A

Liver damage

65
Q

Excess intake of which mineral can increase the risk of developing kidney stones?

A

Calcium

66
Q

Some nutrients are supplemented by intake of fortified foods. These nutriuents include

A

iron, zinc, Vita A and; Vita D

67
Q

Which one of the following does not constitute a disordered eating pattern?

A

Taking a variety of wholesome foods

68
Q

Elevated Thyroid hormone level is indicative of excess intake of:

A

Iodine

69
Q

One potential effect of excess intake of niacin is liver damage. Same effect can be due to excess intake of:

A

Vita A and K

70
Q

UL stands for:

A

(Tolerable) Upper (Intake) Level.

71
Q

Vita A, if present, in a supplement only as retinol rather than carotene, should be less than 100% of the DV because, only retinol intake has potential effects, like:

A

pregnancy complications and increase incidence of hip fractures in elderly women

72
Q

Some nutrients are supplemented by intake of fortified foods.

A

nutrients include vitamin A, D, zinc, and: iron

73
Q

EAR, stands for:

A

Estimated Average Requirement

74
Q

Liver damage is a potential effect of excess intake of which rutrients?

A

Niacin, Vita A and/ or K

75
Q

Supplementation of beta-carotene is controversial because:

A

Beta carotene experiments have produced mixed results

76
Q

Some nutrients are supplemented by intake of fortified foods.

A

These nutrients includes VIta A, D, and two minerals: zinc and iron

77
Q

Deficiency of some nutrients can impair mental functions

A

Iron and Vita B-12

78
Q

According to the DRI, the average daily nutrient intake level that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals who are in a particular life stage and gender group is called:

A

EAR

79
Q

On dietary supplement labels protein, carbohydrate and fat are generally expressed in:

A

Grams

80
Q

On dietary supplement labels, vitamins, minerals and amino acids are generally expressed in:

A

milligrams or micrograms

81
Q

The US FDA states that a dietary supplement is basically, a labeled pill, apsule, tablet, or liquid intended to supplement the diet and contains one or more:

A

vitamin, mineral, botanical, or amino acid

82
Q

DRI; 1998 focused on which types of nutrients?

A

Protein and B vitamins

83
Q

DRI 2002; Which option shows the nutrients from all three class reviewed:

A

Vita A (vitamins), Iron (Metallics), Silicon (non metallics)

84
Q

DRI

1997

A 
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
D
Fluoride
85
Q

DRI

1998

A 
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
B6
Folate
B12
Pantothenic acid
Biotin
Choline
86
Q

DRI

2000

A

C
E
Selenium
Carotenoids

87
Q

DRI

2002

A 
A, K
Vanadium, zinc
Arsenic
Boron
Chromium
Copper
Iodine
Iron
Manganese 
Molybdenum 
Nickel
Silicon
88
Q

DRI

2005 (15)

A 
Energy
Carbohydrate 
Fiber 
Fat
Fatty Acid
Cholesterol 
Protein
Amino Acid
89
Q

DRI

2005 (16)

A 
Water
Potassium
Sodium
Chloride
Sulfate

Muscle Synergies (2 decks)

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