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Women's Health > Supplemental Exam 1 > Flashcards

Supplemental Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in week 13-16 of the fetal stage of pregnancy?

A

oogenesis is established in females, blood vessels are visible, ridges near fingers, hand and feet appear.

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2
Q

What happens in week 20 of the fetal stage?

A

vernix and lanugo appear + fetal swallowing + insulin

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3
Q

What happens in week 24 of the fetal stage?

A

surfactant is produced

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4
Q

What happens in week 28 of the fetal stage?

A

testes descend + head moves into the downward position + blood is produced in the bone marrow

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5
Q

What is the size of the placenta ?

A

2.5-3 cm thick and 38-51 cm in diameter

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6
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of the placenta?

A

hormone production, protection and circulation

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7
Q

What carries oxygenated blood to the fetus/embryo?

A

1 large vein

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8
Q

What carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta?

A

2 smaller arteries

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9
Q

What is the substance that covers the umbilical cord to protect and support the blood vessels?

A

Wharton Jelly

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10
Q

What hormone increases in the second trimester to promote neurological and lung development?

A

cortisol

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11
Q

Normal pregnancy Hct level?

A

30-39

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12
Q

Normal pregnancy Hgb level?

A

11-13

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13
Q

Between the 16th and 36th week of pregnancy what will the size of the uterus be?

A

It will match weeks gestations from the symphis pubis to the fundus.

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14
Q

What can too much weight gain in pregnancy lead to ?

A

induced HTN and increased risk for c section

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15
Q

When should headaches be evaluated in pregnancy?

A

after 20 weeks

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16
Q

How often should prenatal appointments be the first 28 weeks of pregnancy?

A

every 4 weeks

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17
Q

How often should prenatal appointments be from 28-36 weeks?

A

every two weeks

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18
Q

After 36 weeks how often should prenatal appointments be?

A

every week

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19
Q

What are the 3 levels to contractions?

A

Increment: build up phase
Acme: peak
Decrement: relaxation phase

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20
Q

What is the introitus?

A

the opening of the vagina

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21
Q

Gynecoid pelvis

A

shape provides the most ideal passageway

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22
Q

What helps orient the fetus through the cardinal movements?

A

pelvic floor muscles

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23
Q

Vertex attitude

A

full flexion (best way)

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24
Q

Sinciput attitude

A

moderate flexion

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25
Q

brow attitude

A

partial extension

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26
Q

face attitude

A

poor flexion and complete extension

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27
Q

What are some true signs of labor:

A

-regular contractions
-bloody show presence
-decent of the fetus into the canal (lightening)
-nesting
-GI distress
-Wt loss of 1-3 lbs

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28
Q

What happens during the Latent Phase of labor?

A

-longest phase
-period of excitement
-contractions feel like menstral cramps and are mild to palpation

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29
Q

What happens during the active phase of labor?

A

-pt becomes more anxious, focused, or restless
-contractions become more regular and painful
-contractions are moderately strong

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30
Q

What happens during the transition phase?

A

-contractions are strong and close
-pt may feel out of control, irritable or independent
-shortest phase

31
Q

Engagement

A

head reaches the ischeal spine

32
Q

Descent

A

head moves past the ischeal spine

33
Q

flexion

A

fetal chin touches chest in response from pressure of maternal tissue

33
Q

internal rotation

A

fetal head rotates

34
Q

extension

A

fetal chin comes off the chest and arches as the head is born

35
Q

external rotation (restitution)

A

fetal head is born and rotates again as shoulders move position for birth

36
Q

expulsion

A

body of the fetus is born

37
Q

How long does the 2nd stage of labor last?

A

20 minutes - 2 hours

38
Q

How long does the 3rd stage of labor last?

A

5-10 minutes (try to keep no longer than 30)

39
Q

Uterine atony

A

the failure of the uterus to contract

40
Q

How long should continuous monitoring be preformed in the 1st stage of labor?

A

every 30 minutes

41
Q

How long should continuous fetal monitoring occur in the 2nd stage of labor?

A

every 15 minutes

42
Q

What is the baseline heart rate for a fetus in the womb?

A

110-160 bpm

43
Q

Variability

A

irregular fluctuations in fetal baseline

44
Q

Moderate Variabiltiy

A

has an amplitude of 6-25 bpm and is assessed over 10 minutes

45
Q

Accelerations

A

an increase of baseline of at least 15x15

46
Q

Late Decels

A

indicates a decrease in perfusion

47
Q

Variable Decels

A

indicate cord compression

48
Q

Early Decels

A

indicate heads compression

49
Q

Prolonged Decels

A

indicate a decrease of at lease 15 bpm that last 2-15 minutes

50
Q

What are the interventions for late, prolonged, or variable decels

A

-maternal position change
-discontinue oxytocin
-administer 8-10 L by nonrebreather
-correct hypotention
-notify provider

51
Q

Category 1

A

-normal baseline
-with or w/o decels
-with or w/o accelerations
-no variable decels
-no late decels
-moderate variability

52
Q

Category 3

A

-absent variability with reccurent variable decels
-absent variability with recurrent late decels
-absent variability with bradycardia
-sinosodial pattern

53
Q

Uterine Tachysystole

A

5 or more contractions in 10 minutes averages over 30 minutes

54
Q

What are some factors that influence labor pain tolerance?

A

-fear
-previous labor pain
-support
-fatigue

55
Q

How long does it take most pregnancy changes to go back to normal?

A

6 weeks

56
Q

Involution

A

shrinking of uterus back to its original size

57
Q

Why does the uterus contract even after birth?

A

to prevent from hemmoraging

58
Q

Lochia Rubia

A

-dark red
-3-4 days
-clots larger than plums are abnormal

59
Q

Lochia serosa

A

-light pink or brown
-10-14 days

60
Q

Lochia alba

A

-yellow or white
-2-4 weeks

61
Q

How much blood is typically lost during a vaginal birth?

A

200-500 ml

62
Q

How much blood is lost during a c-section?

A

500-1000ml

63
Q

Taking in phase

A

when the patient is recovering and takes a passive, dependent role

64
Q

Taking hold phase

A

when the patient processes the birth experience and transitions into a more dependent role

65
Q

Letting go phase

A

when the patient acknowledges the new normal and sees the baby as a person and not as an idea

66
Q

What does BUBBLEE-E stand for ?

A

Breasts, Uterus, Bladder, Bowels, Lochia, Extremities, Episiotomy, and Emotion

67
Q

What are some complications of a C-section?

A

-endometriosis
-surgical wounds (dehiscence, infections and hematoma)
-hemmorhage
-surgical injury
-clots

68
Q

Evaporation

A

heat loss due to the evaporation of liquids from the body.

dry thoroughly after birth, stabilize temp, bathe in a warm environment

69
Q

Conduction

A

transfer of heat by a direct content w/ a cooler object

Place in pre-warmed surfaces

70
Q

Convection

A

heat transfer from a new born to surrounding air

71
Q

Radiation

A

transfer of heat from or to the newborn from or to nearby surfaces

keep away from cool windows or walls

72
Q

Apgar assessment

A

immediately after birth and stands for apperance, pulse, grimace, activity and respirations

73
Q
A

Women's Health (1 decks)

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