Supervision Rules

Question 1

Supervision rules apply to the following:

Answer 1

1. Unlicensed persons working toward licensure as psychologists/school psychologists
2. Unlicensed persons with a master’s or doctoral degree in psychology approved by the borad, who are supervised by a licensed psychologist
3. Other unlicensed persons providing psychological/school psychological services under the professional supervision of a licensed psychologist/school psychologist
4. Licensed psychologists/school psychologists who are functionig as supervisors or supervisees
5. Mental health workers delivering services under certain codes or legal arrangements in which they are under “mental health worker supervision”

Question 2

Supervision has the following purposes:

Answer 2

1. To protect the welfare of clients receiving psychological services from a supervisee of a licensed psychologist/school psychologist
2. To protect the welfare of persons who serve as training subjects for students learning psychological procedures, or as psychology subjects for classroom demonstrations or research
3. To structure the activities of the supervisee so that competent services of a psychological nature by an unlicensed person can safely be made available to clients
4. To assure that the unlicensed person functions within the limits of his/her competence
5. To assure that training of an unlicensed person who intends to apply to the board for licensure occurs in a variety of activities relevant to the profession and to his/her academic background
6. To assure that the training of an unlicensed person who seeks supervised experience will expand competence in a recognized subspeciality for which the licensed person has inadequate training but does have the appropriate academic background, or satisfy retraining reequirements according to recognized standards of the Amercian Psychological Association
7. To assure to supervisees have non-expoloitative employment or training experiences
8. To make available the general administrative, supervisory, and mental health expertise of licensed psychologists in regulating the delivery of services of other mental health professionals, as provided by law

Question 3

Psychological work supervision is:

Answer 3

1. The professional oversight of persons who work under the licensing authority of the licensed psychologist.
2. The psychological work shall be consistent of with the previous academic and professional training (both didactic and practica), of the supervisor and the supervisee
3. Telepsychology may be used in the provision of psychological work supervision if conducted in accord with requirements.
4. The supervisee’s work shall not include the functions of psychological diagnoses, psychological prescriptions, nor psychological client supervision.

Question 4

Psychological training supervision definition:

Answer 4

1. The formal provision by license psychologists or licensed school psychologists of systematic education and training that is primarily case-focused and evaluative.
2. Telepsychology may be used in the provision of psychological training supervision only as a supplement to the supervision requirements set forth and may not replace individual face-to-face supervision requirements.
3. The supervisory relationship supports and directs the work and professional development of graduate students (including pre-doctoral interns), postdoctoral trainees or other qualified individuals to help them:
   a. Gain experience for the purposes of licensure as psychologists
   b. Develop another competency area
   c. Develop skills in the performance of psychological procedures

Question 5

Psychological umbrella supervision definition:

Answer 5

1. The supervision of a candidate for licensure to help him/her develop supervisory skills.
2. It exists when a supervisee supervises other psychology supervisees in hazardous practices under the umbrella authority of a psychologist.

Question 6

Supervision under umbrella supervision may be performed only by:

Answer 6

1. A postdoctoral trainee working toward licensure as a psychologist, with the training in supervision not to exceed one 12-month period
2. A pre-doctoral intern who is a graduate student in a psychology or school psychology doctoral program
3. Any doctoral trainee deemed by the graduate program director of training or designee to be prepared to enter into an umbrella supervisory relationship.

Question 7

School psychology work supervision definition:

Answer 7

1. The supervision of persons who work under the licensing authority of a licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist.
2. Any work done under the authority of a licensed school psychologist shall not exceed the described scope of practice and shall be consistent with the previous academic and professional training of the supervisor and supervisee
3. Telepsychology may be used in the provision of school psychological work supervision if conducted in accord with the requirements

Question 8

School psychological training supervision definition:

Answer 8

1. The formal provision by licensed psychologists or licensed school psychologists of systematic education and training that is primarily case-focused and evaluative
2. Telepsychology may be used in the provision of school psychological training supervision only as a supplement to the supervision requirement and may not replace face-to-face supervision requirements
3. The supervisory relationship supports and directs the work and professional development of graduate students (including pre-doctoral interns), postdoctoral trainees or other qualified individual to help them
   a. Gain experience for the purposes of licensure as a school psychologist or psychologist
   b. Develop skills used in the practice of school psychology

Question 9

Mental health worker supervision definition:

Answer 9

The professional oversight of another licensed, certified, or registered mental health professional delivering services under the code or other similarly legally established arrangments, in which the psychologist provides “clinical supervision”

Question 10

Administrative supervision definition:

Answer 10

1. Responsibility for office or agency organizational procedures, practices or policies.
2. Does not involve professional supervision.
3. The administrative supervisor may or may not be qualified to provide professional supervision

Question 11

Persons under appropriate supervision working toward licensure in or psychology include:

Answer 11

1. Psychology intern
2. Psychology fellow
3. Psychology resident
4. Psychology trainee
5. Psychology postdoctoral trainee

Question 12

Persons doing school psychological work under appropriate supervision, while they may or may not be working toward licensure in school psychology or psychology include:

Answer 12

1. School psychology intern
2. School psychology assistant
3. School psychology trainee

Question 13

Psychology assistant definition

Answer 13

A person with a master’s degree in psychology who may or may not be working toward licensure in psychology

Question 14

Assistant definition

Answer 14

A person with a master’s degree in a field other than psychology, working under “psychological work supervision”

Question 15

Psychology Aide definition

Answer 15

A person with a bachelor’s degree in psychology, working under “psychological work supervision”

Question 16

Aide definition

Answer 16

A person with a bachelor’s degree in a field other than psychology or two or more years of college course work, such as a mental health technology degree, working under “psychological work supervision”

Question 17

Supervisory rules pertaining to relationships:

Answer 17

1. A licensed psychologist/school psychologist shall not provide supervision of psychological work to a person who has administrative or funding authority over him/her
2. A licensed (school) psychologist shall not enter into a supervisory relationship for psychological work as an employee of a supervisee. A supervisee may remunerate his/her supervisor for providing supervision at a rate that does not exceed the supervisor’s usual rate. If the supervisor requires fees for supervision, the supervisor shall receive fees from reimbursements minus reasonable overhead.
3. There shall be no direct family relationship between a licensed (school) psychologist supervisor and a supervisee.
4. A licensed (school) psychologist shall not provide work or training supervision to a person with whom he/she is associated in any business relationship except one where the (school) psychologist is an employer of the supervisee for the practice of (school) psychology.

Question 18

Supervisory rules pertaining to competency

Answer 18

1. A licensed (school) psychologist shall not assume supervisory responsibility for psychological work that he/she is not personally competent to perform.
2. A licensed (school) psychologist shall not supervise any person whom he/she knows is illegally providing psychological services to the public either within or outside of the supervisory relationship.
3. A licensed (school) psychologist shall accept for training supervision, for purposes of achieving competency in a recognized practice area only persons, licensed or unlicensed, who have completed appropriate academic or professional preparation for that area or are at an appropriate level of progress toward such completion
4. A licensed (school) psychologist shall not concurrently supervise more than four unlicensed persons who are working under professional work and/or training supervision, without the written, express permission of the state board of psychology. This limitation on supervision does not apply to mental health worker supervision as described in paragraph A of this rule.
5. A supervisor has responsibility to make reasonable efforts to ensure that the supervised work of the supervisee is conducted only for clients for whom the supervisee is competent to provide services and that such services are performed in compliance with provision and associated administrative rules.
6. A supervisor has responsibility for the psychological diagnosis, psychological prescription, and psychological client supervision of all clients. These responsibilities cannot be delegated to a non-psychologist or (school) psychological work supervisee. They may be delegated to a training supervisee, as part of his/her training, only after this supervisee is registered with the board as being under training supervision in preparation for licensure as a psychologist.
7. A supervisor has responsibility for the school psychological diagnosis, school psychological prescription and school psychological client supervision of all clients. These responsibility cannot be delegated to a non-psychologist, non-school psychologist, or a psychological work supervisee or school psychological work supervisee. They may be delegated to a training supervisee, as part of his/her training, only after the supervisee is registered with the board as being under training supervision in preparation for licensure as a psychologist.

Question 19

Supervisor responsibilities related to registration and record keeping

Answer 19

1. A supervisor has full responsibility to assure that each client is clearly informed of the relationship between the supervisor and the supervisee, and their respective legal and professional responsibilities for the services rendered to or received by the client.
2. A supervisor is responsible for determining the competencies of the supervisee and shall not assign the supervisee tasks that the supervisee is not responsible to perform
3. A supervisor shall identify each supervisee as to type to supervision being provided and shall so inform the supervisee and, when applicable, the work setting administrator
4. A licensed (school) psychologist who shares ongoing supervisory relationship for the (school) psychological work of a supervisee with another licensed (school) psychologist shall prepare a written supervision plan, available to the board, that is agreed upon and signed by each supervisor and supervisee.
5. A supervisor shall keep records of supervision. These records shall include any supervision plan or agreement, dates of supervision, and notes regarding supervision, including specific clients/cases reviewed. These records shall be maintained for a period of five years following the termination of supervision and shall be available for inspection by the board.
6. A supervisor shall base the intensity of supervision and the prospective use of tele psychology in the supervisory relationship on his/her professional judgment of the supervisee’s credentials, year of experience, and the complexity of the cases under supervision and shall have direct knowledge of all clients served by his/her supervisee. This knowledge may be acquired through direct client contact or throat other appropriate means such as tape recordings, videotapes, test protocols, or other client-generated material.

Question 20

Supervisor rules pertaining to exploitation

Answer 20

1. A supervisor shall not engage in sexual intercourse or other sexual intimacies with any supervisee; or engaged in sexual harassment or any verbal or nonverbal conduct that is sexual in nature with any supervisee
2. A supervisor shall not exploit the supervisee for financial gain or with excessive work demands
3. A supervisor shall not allow exploitation of a supervisee by an agency with which the supervisor and the supervisee are affiliated
4. A supervisor shall require the supervisee to have consultation with relevant professionals other than the supervisor when counseling or intervention is indicated concerning personal problems

Question 21

When training supervision is provided to assist the supervisee toward licensure in (school) psychology

Answer 21

1. A supervisor and supervisee shall have a written agreement describing the goals and content of the training experience, including clearly stated expectations for
   a. The nature of the experiences offered through supervision
   b. The expected working arrangements, quantity, and quality of the trainee’s work
   c. The financial arrangements between the supervisee and his/her employer
2. A supervisor shall ensure that the training provides adequate breadth of experience to enhance the supervisee’s professional attitudes, responsibility, communication skills, critical judgment, and technical skills. Training experiences shall not take place until the supervisee has initiated or completed appropriate educational preparation, including both didactic and practice course work.
3. A supervisor shall schedule individual face-to-face training supervision for no less that 5% of the weekly client contact time. More time may be needed, depending on the supervisee’s credentials, experience, and the complexity of the cases being supervised.
4. When appropriate to meet the training needs of the supervisee, the supervisor shall arrange for consultation with other relevant professionals.

Question 22

Additional supervision arrangements and rules

Answer 22

1. Group supervision where there is significant discussion of cases in encouraged. However, group supervision shall not be a substitute for required individual face-to-face supervision. Under no circumstances shall a supervisor charge a supervisee for group supervision.
2. A supervisor shall specify what restricted services the supervisee with perform. In no case shall work of a hazardous nature be assigned to any supervisee with less than the appropriate academic preparation.
3. A supervisor shall make reasonable efforts to plan for continuity of client care in the event that his/her psychological services to supervisees are interrupted by factors such as illness, vacation, or other unavailability. When a supervisor arranged such back-up supervision for a period of more than thirty working days, he/she shall notify the board in advance.
4. Personas licensed by this board who are receiving supervision/consultation to add a subspecialty skill need not be registered with the board. The supervisor/consultant and the licensed person expanding competence in a subspecialty shall maintain a record of the supervision/consultation relationship to be provided upon request to the board.
5. The violation of any statue or rule of the board by a supervisee may result in an investigation of the adequacy of the supervision.

Question 23

A licensed (school) psychologist serving as a supervisor shall register with the board all supervises who will perform (school) psychological work under his/her authority, including supervisees who are:

Answer 23

1. Completely retraining for a general speciality of psychology
2. Being trained for the purpose of earning a different license

Question 24

Supervision via telepsychology may be conducted under the following conditions:

Answer 24

1. Licensees recognize that the use of telepsychology is not appropriate for all cases and supervises, and that decisions regarding the appropriate use of telepsychology are made on a case-by-case basis.
2. Licensees providing supervision via telepsychology are aware of additional risks incurred when providing supervision through the use of distance communication and take special care to conduct their supervision in a manner that protects the welfare of the client and ensures that the client’s welfare is paramount.
3. Licensees establish and maintain current competence in the conduct of psychological supervision via telepsychology through continuing equation, consultation, or other procedures, in conformance with prevailing standards of scientific and professional knowledge. Licensees establish and maintain competence in the appropriate use of the information technologies utilized in the rendering of psychological supervision.

Question 25

Licensees providing supervision via telepsychology shall:

Answer 25

1. Consider and document findings specific to
   a. Whether a given client’s presenting problems are apparent condition are consistent with the use of telepsychology in the supervisory process to the client’s benefit; and
   b. Whether the supervisee has sufficient knowledge and skill in the use of the technology involved in rendering the supervision
2. Not provide supervision via telepsychology services to any supervisee when the outcome of the analysis required is inconsistent with the delivery of supervision via telepsychology, whether related to issues involving a given case or issues involving the technological knowledge and skills of the supervisee
3. Upon initial and subsequent contacts with the supervisee, make reasonable efforts to verify the identity of the supervisee
4. Obtain alternative means of contacting the supervisee
5. Provide to the supervisee alternative means of contacting the supervisor
6. Licensees, whenever possible, use secure communications with supervises, such as encrypted text messages via email or secure websites or secure real-time video
7. Prior to providing supervision via telepsychology services, the supervisor and supervisee shall enter into a written agreement, in plain language consistent with accepted professional and legal requirement, relative to
   a. Potential risks of sudden and unpredictable disruption of supervision dependent on telepsychology services and how an alternative means of re-establishing electronic or other connection will be used under such circumstances
   b. When and how the supervisor will respond to routine electronic messages from the supervisee
   c. Under what circumstances the supervisor and supervisee will use alternative means of communication under emergency circumstances
8. Ensure that confidential communications stored electronically cannot be recovered and/or accessed by unauthorized personas when the licensee disposes of electronic equipment and data

Question 26

Supervisee responsibilities pertaining to professional work supervision and professional training supervision

Answer 26

1. A supervisee is subject to all relevant statutes and rules of the board.
2. A supervisee shall not use the title “Psychologist” or “School Psychologist”
3. A supervisee shall not solicit clients or generate his/her own case load and shall not represent him/herself as having independent choice of clients
4. A supervisee shall not collect fees for psychological work in his/her own name. All billing shall be done by the employer, the employing agency, or the licensed supervisor.
5. A supervisee shall not independently advertise; announce the establishment of a practice; have his/her name included on business letterhead stationery, office building directory, office suite entrance door; or in any director under the title “Psychologist”; or otherwise hold himself/herself out to the public as being authorized to provide independent psychological services
6. A supervisee may use a printed business card in which the name, appropriate title, supervisor, and supervisory relationship are stated. Such cards shall not identify any procedure or technique performed as a supervisee
7. A supervisee shall use an appropriate title, specified by the supervisor, such as found in earlier language
8. A supervisee’s degrees earned from accredited universities, credentials granted by the state of Ohio, and appropriate job titles may be published or posted so long as they do not confuse the clients’ understanding that the work is psychological in nature and that the supervising (school) psychologist is professionally responsible for the work
9. The professional activities of the supervisee shall be limited to only those procedures that are delegable under these rules by the supervising licensed (school) psychologist
10. A supervisee shall carry out his/her (school) psychological activities in a suitable professional setting over which the supervisor has responsibility for assignment and management of the supervisee’s professional activities. All psychological activities of supervisees shall be performed pursuant to the supervisor’s directives.
11. A supervisee may pay a fee to a supervisor for supervision in a private practice setting in accord with other rules.
12. The supervisee and supervisor are both responsible for ensuring the supervisee evaluative reports and letters dealing with client welfare are co-signed by the (school) psychologist and the supervisee
13. A supervisee not under training supervision, who does psychological diagnosis, psychological prescription, or psychological client supervision, shall be deemed to be practicing psychology without a license
14. The board may refuse to issue a license to any supervisee who violates any of these provisions or rules

Question 27

A supervisee and supervisor are both responsible for ensuring that all clients are informed of the supervised nature of the work of the supervisee, and of the ultimate professional responsibility of the supervisor. A written statement shall include:

Answer 27

1. A brief description of the services to be provided and the office procedures
2. Name of supervising (school) psychologist
3. Schedule of charges and indication that the billing will come from the supervisor or agency or institution under the supervisor’s name
4. Professional address and telephone number of the supervisor
5. Statement on the limits of confidentiality, including the possible need to report certain information according to law, and the supervisor’s review of the client’s progress
6. Statement about the parameters of the professional relationship involving the psychologist or school psychologist, the supervisee, and the client
7. Statement about the availability of the supervisor to meet with the client, on request
8. Signature of the psychologist, the supervisee, and the client(s) or guardian with one copy being maintained by the supervisor