Superpowers definitions

Question 1

Superpower

Answer 1

A superpower is a state with a leading position in the international system and a large sphere of global influence. political + economic power

Question 2

Capitalism

Answer 2

Capitalism is an economic system in which wealth, and the means of producing wealth, are privately owned

Question 3

Cold War - Who / When

Answer 3

The Cold War was the continuing state of conflict, tension, and competition that existed after World War II between the Soviet Union and the powers of the Western world (under the leadership of the United States) from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s.

Question 4

Cold war - How was it pursued

Answer 4

It was pursued primarily through economic and political actions, acts of espionage or conflict through surrogates (proxy wars).

Question 5

Colonialism

Answer 5

Colonialism is the maintaining and building of colonies in one territory by people from another territory.

Question 6

Commodity

Answer 6

Anything movable (goods) that is bought and sold. - Something useful or valuable; Raw materials, agricultural products and other primary products as objects of large scale trading in specialized exchanges

Question 7

Communism

Answer 7

A socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of a classless, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property

Question 8

Cultural Imperialism

Answer 8

The practice of promoting the culture or language of one nation in another. It is usually the case that the former is a large, economically or militarily powerful nation and the latter is a smaller, less affluent one

Question 9

Dependency Theory

Answer 9

the notion that resources flow from a “periphery” of poor and underdeveloped states to a “core” of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former

Question 10

Devaluation

Answer 10

a decrease in the value of a country’s currency relative to that of foreign countries

Question 11

Development Theory

Answer 11

Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved (modernisation – dependency – world systems)

Question 12

Disparity

Answer 12

inequality or difference

Question 13

Electronic Colonialism

Answer 13

The theory is about the impact on the mind of repeated mass media messages, (including commercials) on audiences around the world.

Question 14

Evangelism

Answer 14

The practice of attempting to convert people to a religion

Question 15

Futures Market

Answer 15

An auction market in which participants buy and sell commodity/future contracts for delivery on a specified future date. continuation of trade

Question 16

Glasnost

Answer 16

the policy of openness, and transparency in the activities of all government institutions in the Soviet Union, together with freedom of information

Question 17

Hegemony

Answer 17

the political dominance of one nation over other nations

Question 18

Ideology

Answer 18

the thinking of a group or nation – (Doctrine, philosophy, body of beliefs or principles)

Question 19

IMF (International Monetary Fund)

Answer 19

a United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies

Question 20

Mackinder’s Heartland Theory

Answer 20

A theory that certain land masses (Eurasia) would be the main powers globally, and other nations would develop much slower.

Question 21

Market Economy

Answer 21

an economy based on the division of labour in which the prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system (set by supply and demand)

Question 22

Modernisation Theory

Answer 22

It is an evolutionary theory that assumes that with help, “traditional” countries can develop in the same ways “modern” countries did

Question 23

NATO

Answer 23

an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security. many counties involved. at end of WWII

Question 24

Neo - Colonialism

Answer 24

control by a powerful country of its former colonies (or other less developed countries) by economic pressures

Question 25

Perestroika

Answer 25

an economic policy adopted in the former Soviet Union; intended to increase automation and labour efficiency but it led eventually to the end of central planning in the Russian economy

Question 26

Privatisation

Answer 26

changing something from state to private ownership or control

Question 27

Social Darwinism

Answer 27

ideologies based on a concept that competition among all – individuals, groups, nations, or ideas – drives social evolution in human societies

Question 28

Tariff

Answer 28

a duty imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary. They are usually associated with protectionism, the economic policy of restraining trade between nations

Question 29

USSR

Answer 29

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist states

Question 30

Value Added

Answer 30

the additional value of a commodity over the cost of commodities used to produce it from the previous stage of production

Question 31

World Bank

Answer 31

an international financial institution that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development

Question 32

World Trade Organisation (WTO)

Answer 32

regulation of trade between participating countries; it provides a framework for negotiating and formalising trade agreements