Superpowers definitions Flashcards
Superpower
A superpower is a state with a leading position in the international system and a large sphere of global influence. political + economic power
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system in which wealth, and the means of producing wealth, are privately owned
Cold War - Who / When
The Cold War was the continuing state of conflict, tension, and competition that existed after World War II between the Soviet Union and the powers of the Western world (under the leadership of the United States) from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s.
Cold war - How was it pursued
It was pursued primarily through economic and political actions, acts of espionage or conflict through surrogates (proxy wars).
Colonialism
Colonialism is the maintaining and building of colonies in one territory by people from another territory.
Commodity
Anything movable (goods) that is bought and sold. - Something useful or valuable; Raw materials, agricultural products and other primary products as objects of large scale trading in specialized exchanges
Communism
A socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of a classless, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property
Cultural Imperialism
The practice of promoting the culture or language of one nation in another. It is usually the case that the former is a large, economically or militarily powerful nation and the latter is a smaller, less affluent one
Dependency Theory
the notion that resources flow from a “periphery” of poor and underdeveloped states to a “core” of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former
Devaluation
a decrease in the value of a country’s currency relative to that of foreign countries
Development Theory
Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved (modernisation – dependency – world systems)
Disparity
inequality or difference
Electronic Colonialism
The theory is about the impact on the mind of repeated mass media messages, (including commercials) on audiences around the world.
Evangelism
The practice of attempting to convert people to a religion
Futures Market
An auction market in which participants buy and sell commodity/future contracts for delivery on a specified future date. continuation of trade
Glasnost
the policy of openness, and transparency in the activities of all government institutions in the Soviet Union, together with freedom of information
Hegemony
the political dominance of one nation over other nations
Ideology
the thinking of a group or nation – (Doctrine, philosophy, body of beliefs or principles)
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
a United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies
Mackinder’s Heartland Theory
A theory that certain land masses (Eurasia) would be the main powers globally, and other nations would develop much slower.
Market Economy
an economy based on the division of labour in which the prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system (set by supply and demand)
Modernisation Theory
It is an evolutionary theory that assumes that with help, “traditional” countries can develop in the same ways “modern” countries did
NATO
an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security. many counties involved. at end of WWII
Neo - Colonialism
control by a powerful country of its former colonies (or other less developed countries) by economic pressures
Perestroika
an economic policy adopted in the former Soviet Union; intended to increase automation and labour efficiency but it led eventually to the end of central planning in the Russian economy
Privatisation
changing something from state to private ownership or control
Social Darwinism
ideologies based on a concept that competition among all – individuals, groups, nations, or ideas – drives social evolution in human societies
Tariff
a duty imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary. They are usually associated with protectionism, the economic policy of restraining trade between nations
USSR
a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist states
Value Added
the additional value of a commodity over the cost of commodities used to produce it from the previous stage of production
World Bank
an international financial institution that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
regulation of trade between participating countries; it provides a framework for negotiating and formalising trade agreements
