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superpowers and cold war Flashcards

1
Q

what were the two different ideologies in the 1940s?

A

USA: capitalism
USSR: communism

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2
Q

what was capitalism and who were the main capitalist countries in 1941

A
  • everyone is free to own their own property and business to make money
  • UK and USA
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3
Q

what are 4 key features of capitalism (economic, rights, politics & society)

A

economic: land and business owned by people and not the state
rights: individuals have freedom to their own life but impacted by what majority decides
political: elections held: people have a choice of different political parties
society: some people have more money and wealth than others

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4
Q

what is communism and who was the main communist country?

A
  • an ideology where all property is owned by the state so everyone has a fair share
  • USSR
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5
Q

what are the key features of communism? (economic, rights, politics, society)

A

economic: all land and business owned by the state
rights: workers rights are more important than the individual
politics: elections held: different choice of candidates of the the same party
society: no social class, everyone is equal

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6
Q

who was part of the grand alliance in 1941 (country + leader)

A
  • USA: Roosevelt. 1945: Truman
  • USSR: Stalin
  • UK: Churchill. 1945: Attlee
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7
Q

what were Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchills attitudes to the Grand Alliance?

A

Roosevelt: accepted USSR as a partner to ensure peace
Churchill: suspicious of Stalin and communism
Stalin: believed the West was trying to destroy communism

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8
Q

When was the Tehran conference held?

A

November-December 1943

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9
Q

What was the focus of the Tehran Conference?

A

To defeat the Axis powers and win WW2

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10
Q

What were the agreements made at the Tehran conference?

A
  • USA and UK open a second front by attacking France
  • USSR would help US with war against Japan
  • Poland gains German land but loses land to USSR
  • International body should be set up after war to ensure peace
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11
Q

describe the impact the Tehran conference had on the USSR and USA’s relationship

A
  • a positive impact
  • Stalin was pleased that a second front had been agreed
  • Roosevelt supported Stalin in attacking Germany from the West
  • Stalin agreed to support the USA in its war against Japan
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12
Q

describe the Tehran conferences’ impact on the relationship between the USA and the UK?

A
  • a negative impact
  • Roosevelt worried that British colonialism was more of a threat than the USSR
  • Churchill was disappointed that Roosevelt sided with Stalin
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13
Q

when was the Yalta conference held?

A

February 1945

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14
Q

what was the aim of the Yalta conference?

A

to win WW2 and discuss governing post europe

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15
Q

what were the agreements made at the Yalta conference?

A
  • Germany would pay 20B in reparations and be divided into 4 zones
  • ussr agreed to declare war on japan after germany’s defeat
  • UN would be established
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16
Q

what impact did the Yalta conference have on relations?

A
  • POSITIVE between US and USSR: ussr would aid usa in war against japan
  • NEGATIVE between USSR and UK: Stalin wanted Poland’s government to be pro communist but Churchill supported non communist London Poles
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17
Q

When was the Potsdam conference held?

A

July-August 1945

18
Q

What were the outcomes of the Potsdam conference?

A
  • Nazi Party was banned and war criminals to be prosecuted
  • Germany would be divided into 4 zones run by UK, USSR, USA and France
  • Berlin was to also be divided
  • USSR would receive 25% of the output from the other 3 zones
19
Q

what impact did the potsdam conference have on relations?

A
  • NEGATIVE on USA + USSR
  • Truman had mentioned successful testing of atomic bomb
  • Truman worried about communism spread
20
Q

What was the impact of the atomic bomb?

A
  • TENSIONS INCREASED.
  • The USA not only wanted to end the war with Japan, they also wanted to scare Stalin and the Soviet Union
  • The USA did not inform the grand alliance of their plans
  • caused Stalin to distrust the USA and aim to defend USSR from capitalism and created a buffer zone
  • causes the end of the grand alliance
21
Q

What was Kennans Long Telegram about?

A
  • Sent from USSR to USA
  • Stalin saw capitalism as a threat
  • There wouldn’t be peace between the two
  • Communism could be ‘contained’
22
Q

What was Novikovs telegram about?

A
  • USA to USSR
  • American people supported war against USSR
  • America wanted to build military to achieve world domination
  • No longer wanted to cooperate with the USSR
23
Q

How did the Telegrams affect relations?

A
  • Increased tensions between the USA and USSR, relationships breaking down
  • Both sides believed to be untrustworthy and planning destruction
  • Led to new policies (contain communism and spread communism)
24
Q

What was the impact of the iron curtain speech?

A
  • the iron curtain divided capitalism in the West and communism in the East
  • led to an increase of tensions and led to a build of military strength
  • Stalin believed it reflected beliefs of Truman
25
What were satellite states?
- 1945-1948 - countries that became under the control of the Soviet Union - communist governments were created and elections were fixed to ensure communism won (intimidation and violence also used) - they shut down opposing parties
26
What was the impact of the Satellite states? (USA reaction)
- worsened USA and USSR relations - a lack of trust was created because Stalin promised free elections in those countries but the elections were clearly fixed to allow communist party to win - worsened USA and USSR relations as USA became more hostile towards the USSR and USA saw this as Stalins attempt to spread communism whixh they wanted to contain - led to creation of Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
27
What was the Truman Doctrine?
- Countries had a choice between the oppression of communism or the freedom of capitalism - the USA must try to contain communism - The USA must provide money and troops to governments to combat communism
28
What was the Marshall Plan?
- Marshall Plan provided poorer countries with economic aid because they had a higher risk of being taken over by communism - around 13B was given from the USA
29
How did the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan increase tensions?
- drastically increased tensions - Stalin saw these acts as a threat to communism - Marshall Plan was described as “dollar imperialism” in an “evil empire” - divided the West from the East
30
What was cominform?
- Cominform was set up as a response to the Marshall Plan because Stalin worried about the containment of communism - Cominform allowed Stalin to directly control the satellite states and their governments
31
What was Comecon?
- Set up in response to the Marshall Plan in 1949 - Stalin was able to keep economic control of Europe - Allowed Stalin to provide an alternative to the Marshall Plan and improve economies
32
What was the response to Cominform and Comecon?
- increased tensions - Each country chose between the USA and the USSR- which caused competition and an increase of tensions - NATO was created
33
Why was NATO created and what did it do?
- NATO created as a response to increasing tensions between the West and the East - NATO was a military alliance, if one member attacked, all members defended and aimed to protect against the possible attack from USSR
34
What was the impact of NATO?
- increased tensions between USA and USSR - created a divide - Stalin worried about attack because NATO countries bordered Eastern Europe
35
Why was the division of Berlin significant to relations?
- The increase of tensions led to disagreements between USSR and USA as to how to treat Germany - WEST wanted to strengthen Germany - EAST wanted to weaken Germany - Iron curtain centred in Berlin to separate East and West
36
Why was the division of Berlin significant to relations?
- The increase of tensions led to disagreements between USSR and USA as to how to treat Germany - WEST wanted to strengthen Germany - EAST wanted to weaken Germany - Iron curtain centred in Berlin to separate East and West
37
What was Bizonia and Trizonia?
- Bizonia was USA and Britain merging their zones - Trizonia was France merging its zone with USA and Britain - created a new currency (Deutschmark) - led to Stalin’s Berlin Blockade
38
What was the Berlin Blockade?
- USSR blocked Western access to Berlin - USSR blocked all supplies to Berlin such as food, land routes, transport access - allowed Stalin to have control on the capital
39
What was the Berlin Airlift?
- West responded to USSR’s blockade with an airlift, thousands of supplies were flown into Berlin daily - Led to Stalin lifting blockades as it was humiliating for the USSR - Huge success for West - increased tensions
40
What was the creation of West and East Germany?
- After blockade, Germany was still divided into West and East Germany - West Germany FRG - East Germany GDR
41
What was the Warsaw Pact and its significance?
- created in 1955 - A military alliance with Eastern Europe - Increased likelihood of war as both alliances

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