Superpowers 1980s to 1991 Flashcards
1
Q
- Name the Islamic guerrilla fighters who fought the Communist government in Afghanistan in a civil war.
A
Mujahideen
2
Q
- How long did the Soviet Union fight in the war in Afghanistan?
A
10 years
3
Q
- What was the Carter Doctrine?
A
America would pledge to go to war with any country that tried to stop America getting oil. OR Carter also promised military aid to all countries that bordered Afghanistan.
4
Q
- The USA and how many other countries boycotted the Moscow Olympics in 1980?
A
60
5
Q
- Who became President of America in 1981?
A
Ronald Reagan
6
Q
- How did the US President (1981-1989) refer to the Soviet Union?
A
“an Evil Empire”
7
Q
- What was the American proposal to get rid of intermediate range missiles from Europe called in 1981?
A
Zero Option
8
Q
- What was the nickname for the American initiative that would have put them far ahead of the Soviet Union in the arms race?
A
SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative, or ‘Star Wars’
9
Q
- Name the Soviet leader in 1985.
A
Gorbachev
10
Q
- Give 3 reasons why the Soviet Union was bankrupt.
A
- 50% GDP spent on the arms race
- 10 year war in Afghanistan
- $40 billion spent on Comecon
11
Q
- Name the two reforms introduced by the new Soviet President.
A
Glasnost, Perestroika
12
Q
- What happened at the Geneva and Reykjavik summits?
A
Nothing because USA would not drop ‘Star Wars’
13
Q
- What was the INF Treaty?
A
All intermediate range nuclear missiles with a range of 500 - 5,500 kilometres to be removed from Europe.
14
Q
- At what summit was it declared the Cold War was over?
A
Malta
15
Q
- Name the trade union which won elections in Poland in 1989.
A
Solidarity
