Superpowers Flashcards
(24 cards)
Hard power
To coerce a country typically using military influence.
Soft Power
To persuade a country using economic, political, or cultural influences
Sphere of influence
An area beyond a country’s national borders where it feels it should have power without having any formal authority.
Capitalism
An economic and political system where a country’s trade and industry is controlled by private sectors who seek profit rather then the state.
Communism
A system of social organisation where all property is owned by the community and each person makes a contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.
Neoliberalism
A political philosophy of free markets, free trade, privatisation, and increasing the business in society, whilst decreasing the influence of the government.
Neocolonialism
To control a country through indirect means, typically a less developed country being controlled by a developed country.
World systems theory
Divides countries into three groups based on political power, social standing, and economic/technological development.
Modernisation theory
Is based on the view that to develop means to become modern by adopting Western cultural values and social institutions.
Dependency theory
Is based around the idea that developed wealthy countries (core) are limiting the level of development of the poorer countries (periphery) from the control of the world economy.
Free trade
When goods and services are bought and sold between countries without tariffs or quotas being applied.
TNC
A transnational corporation is a corporation that operates in at least two countries.
IGO
An intergovernmental organisation is a group of sovereign states working in a treaty with a common goal/purpose.
IMF
The International Monetary Fund is an organisation that promotes international financial stability.
WB
The world bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the government of low and middle income countries.
WTO
The world trade organisation is an international organisation that aims to reduce trade barriers and create free trade.
Environment degradation
Is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil.
Consumerism
The idea that increasing of consumer spending on goods and services is the principal driver of economic growth.
Emerging country
Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation and no longer relying primarily on agriculture.
Hegemony
Political, economic, or military leadership/dominance over another state/group.
Sphere of influence
An area or territory beyond a country’s national borders, over which it feels it should have power but without having any formal authority there.
Geostrategy
A type of foreign policy guided by an understanding of physical geographical factors.
Economic restructuring
When one sector such as the secondary industry is replaced by another such as the tertiary industry.
Intellectual property rights
An international system to prevent new inventions from being copied illegally. e.g Trademark, copyright
