Superpowers

Question 1

Superpower

Answer 1

a nation or country with the ability to project its influence around the world and to stay a dominant global force

Question 2

Hard Power

Answer 2

power through force or coercion, usually involving military or economic factors

Question 3

Soft Power

Answer 3

exerting influence through favour or persuasion, usually involving cultural power- using attractive policies

Question 4

Direct Control

Answer 4

the political and military control of another country

Question 5

Communism

Answer 5

the belief that everyone in a population should be equal: financially, their owned property and politically

Question 6

Capitalism

Answer 6

the belief that individuals will gain wealth and status through the hours they work, business ventures and their skills

Question 7

Neo-colonialism

Answer 7

a situation where rich former colonial powers control the world economy in such a way that they benefit and the poor former colonies lose out

Question 8

Rostow’s Modernisation Theory (1960)

Answer 8

Stage 1: Traditional Society- farming, fishing etc. and lacking in technology
Stage 2: Pre-conditions for Take-off- profits from farming etc., improved infrastructure
Stage 3: Take-off- Industrial Revolution, rapid growth of manufacturing industries and culture change
Stage 4: The Drive to Maturity- spread of economic growth nationally, new tech replaces old industries
Stage 5: High Mass Consumption- more disposable income, services and goods more frequently bought, better trade and networking

Question 9

Frank’s Dependency Theory (1971)

Answer 9

-neo-colonialist
-‘the development of underdevelopment’
-capitalist core keeps underdeveloped periphery in state of underdevelopment by exploiting their cheap resources and taking their skilled workers, interdependent relationship keeps core on top

Question 10

Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory (1974)

Answer 10

more dynamic than Frank’s; allows for change
-semi-periphery countries are where class struggle and social change happen
-cycles of growth and stagnation

Question 11

International Monetary Fund

Answer 11

promotes global economic stability, focuses on exchange rate stability and has an overall aim to reduce poverty
Benefits- provides governments sufficient funds to pursue development
Criticisms- voting rights are proportional to amount invested; richer countries have more of a say
-reflects Western ideas e.g. Marshall Plan
-lack of representation for developing countries

Question 12

World Trade Organisation

Answer 12

remove trade barriers

Question 13

World Bank

Question 14

World Economic Forum / Davos Group

Question 15

United Nations Security Council

Answer 15

primary global mechanism for keeping international peace