Superpower Relations And The Cold War Flashcards
3 conferences
Tehran 1943
Yalta Feb 1944
Potsdam Nov 1945
Teheran 1943
Most successful conferences for Stalin
A second front was to be open on the west in 1944
SU was to wage war with Japan after Germany had been defeated
The UN was to be set up
Yalta Feb 1944
Germany was to defeated and then split into 4 sections
Germany was to pay reparations
They could not agree how much Germany should pay in reparations
The SU had lost many more lives in the war, so a sphere of influence was to set up to protect them
Eastern Europe was to have free elections
Potsdam decisions Nov 1945
Germany was blamed for the war and leaders were tried as war criminals
Details of the zoning in Germany were finalised
Each country owned the resources and equipment in their section, the SU gained more industrial equipment as they had a largely agriculture section
Germans in Eastern Europe were to move back to Germany
How did Stalin control Soviet Satellite States
Puppet leaders
Banning parties
Rigged election (Poland)
Intimidating, bribing and intimidating voters
Control over army, police and secret police
Causes of the Hungarian uprising
1956
Krushchevs secret speech and Stalin dying gave people hope as there was an opportunity for change
Poverty was very common and many of Hungaries food was going to Russia
Students wanted free elections
Hungarians were very patriotic and didn’t like the presence of the red army
They thought the US president Eisenhower may help them
Impacts of the Truman Doctrine
Us committed to containment (containing communism to the USSR and it satellite states)
Divided the ideology of the world (the world of two camps)
First confrontation of the Cold War
Greeks could defeat communism
US provided economic support, Marshall Plan, creating new markets for US - looked generous but done for self interest
Impacts of the Marshall Plan
Europes east and west became firmly divided
16 countries set up the Organisation for European Economic Recovery (OEER) to put the plan in action
Stalin pulled out and prevented satellite states from joining as he didn’t trust he US
By 1953 the US had provide $17 billion in financial support for Europe’s economy
Causes of the Cuban Missile Crisis
The US had missives in turkey and Italy so the SU thought they were equal
The Asu could use short and intermediate ranged ballistic missiles to reach major US cities
The SU said they were a defensive measure
A U2 spy plane photographed bases in Cuba and 29 Soviet ships carrying missile bound for Cuba
Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Kennedy was seen a a great statesman who stood up to Communism
Soviet officials were angry with krushchev and thought he had failed
The Chinese leader criticised Khrushchev for backing down
Khrushchev believe he hadn’t failed as he had got the missiles removed from Italy and turkey
Italy, Turkey and Cuba were angry as the US and SU had removed the missiles without their permission
A hotline was created between the White House and the Kremlin
Khrushchev was removed from power in 1964
The Berlin Wall
-As tensions grew E. Germans moved to W. Germany
-Krushchev closed the borders to stop this
-August 12, 1961 E. German troops built a barbed wire fence around and between E. and W. Germany
-Work stared on the 165 km fence
-By the end of he summer there were two walls one facing west and one east with no mans land filled with mines in between
-Anyone who tried to cross was shot
-12,000 people escaped in the first year
50 died trying to escape
Was the Berlin Wall successful for Krushchev
YES
Stopped the refugee crisis
Avoided war and allowed krushchev to appear strong
NO
Unable to force the west out of Berlin
Humiliating that he had to build a wall to keep E. Germans in
Was the Berlin wall successful for Kennedy
YES
Avoided war
Krushchev had admitted he was unable to force the west out of Berlin
Propaganda win for the West
NO
Surrounded by a wall that he had done nothing to stop
Prague spring reforms
Relaxation of the press
Political oppositions allowed
Criticism of the government allowed
Removal of travel bans and fresh contact with the west
Reasons the Czechoslovakian invasion “68
Brezhnev was encouraged by the leader of Poland and E.Germany
Fear of losing Czech to NATO
Fear of W.Germany controlling Czechs economy and increasing western trade with Czech
Fear of the reforms spreading to neighbouring countries
Fear of losing the face of the Warsaw Pact
