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Superficial Thermotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

List the modes of Heat transfer.

A
  1. Conduction
  2. Convection
  3. Conversion
  4. Evaporation
  5. Radiation
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2
Q

What is the concept of conduction? Give an example.

A

Gain or loss of heat from direct contact b/t two materials at different temperatures

Heat conducted from a material of higher temp to a material of lower temp

Heat transfers continues until both materials are equal

Ie.—ice pack/hot pack/ paraffin

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3
Q

True or false: heat transfers more quickly with materials with a high thermal conductivity (water, metal)

A

True

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4
Q

True or false: the greater the difference between a heating or cooling agent and the body part it is applied to, the faster the rate of het transfer

A

True

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5
Q

How many layers of towels should be placed between hotpack and patient’s skin

A

6-8+ layers to reduce the rate of heat conduction

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6
Q

True or false: Patients are allowed to keep jewelry on when using heating/cooling agent

A

False; Metal has high specific heat which means heat conducts to it quicker

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7
Q

What is meant by convection? Give an example.

A

Gain/loss of heat resulting from air or water moving in a constant motion across body

I.e. Whirlpools; fluidotherapy; blood circulating in body

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8
Q

Concept of convection.

A

New parts of the agent are constantly coming in contact w/ target area at initial temperature thus body gets heated quicker

More heat in the same period time than heat transfer by conduction

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9
Q

Which mode of heat transfer quicker convection or conduction

A

Convection (thus requires less amount of time)

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10
Q

True or false: the risk of thermal injury is increased when circulation is impaired

A

True: circulation moves heated blood out of area and cooler blood is replaced in area

Vasodilation that occurs in response to heat protects the tissues by reading the risk of burning

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11
Q

Explain conversion. Give an example

A

Heating that occurs when nothermal energy is absorbed into tissue and transformed into heat

I.e. US, diathermy

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12
Q

Concept of Conversion

A

Heat transfer from nonthermal source that vibrates molecules within tissue creating heat

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13
Q

True or false: heating by conversion is not affected by the temperature of the thermal agent (unlike convection/conduction) but rate of transfer depends on the power of energy source

A

True

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14
Q

How is the power of US and diathermy measure in?

A

Watts, which refers to the amount of energy in Joules/sec

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15
Q

True or false: Conversion agents don’t require direct contact but do require an intervening material (gel)

A

true

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16
Q

Describe evaporation.

A

material must absorb energy to evaporat and thus change from liquid to gas/vapor

I.e. Vapocoolant spray

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17
Q

Describe radiation. Give an example

A

Transfer of energy from one material to another without the need for direct contact or intervening medium

I.e. laser, UV

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18
Q

List the Physiological defects of general heat application that are increased.

A
  1. CO
  2. Metabolic rate
  3. Pulse rate
  4. RR
  5. Vasodilation
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19
Q

List the Physiological defects of general heat application that are decreased.

A
  1. BP
  2. Muscle activity (sedentary effect)
  3. Blood to internal organ
  4. Blood flow to resting muscle
  5. SV
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20
Q

List Contraindications for Superficial Thermotherapy.

A
  1. Acute/early subacute traumatic and inflammatory conditions
  2. Decreased circulation
  3. General contraindications
  4. Tendency toward hemorrhage or edema
  5. Very young and very old patients
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21
Q

Therapeutic effects of cryotherapy

A
  1. Decrease blood flow
  2. Decrease edema
  3. Decreased local temperature
  4. Decreased metabolic rate
  5. Decreased nerved conduction velocity
  6. Decreased tone
  7. Increased pain threshold
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22
Q

Contraindications for Cryotherapy

A
  1. Cold intolerance
  2. Cold urticaria
  3. Cryoglobulinemia
  4. Infection
  5. Over area of comprised circulation
  6. Over regenerating peripheral nerves
  7. Paroxysmal cold/hemoglobinuria
  8. PVD
  9. Raynauds
  10. Skin anesthesia
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23
Q

Indications for Cryotherapy

A
  1. Abnormal tone
  2. Acute or chronic pain
  3. Acute or subacute inflammation
  4. Bursitis
  5. Muscle spasm
  6. MS trauma
  7. Tendonitis
  8. Tenosynovitis
  9. Myofascial trigger points
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24
Q

List Physiological effects of general cold application that decrease

A
  1. Metabolic rate
  2. Pulse Rate
  3. RR
  4. Venous BP
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25
List Physiological effects of general cold application that increase
1. Blood flow to internal organs 2. CO 3. SV 4. Arterial BP Shivering occurs when core temperature drops
26
Which body structure exhibits greater temperature change with cold agents
Skin temperature falls rapidly Then subcutaneous fat, followed by muscles
27
Describe hunting effect?
Vasodilation after >15 minutes of cryotherapy (which initially causes vasoconstriction) at temps <35F
28
What is temperature are packs maintained at in the refrigerated unit?
0-10F or 25 F (SB)
29
How long should cold packs/ice packs be applied?
10-20 minutes If for inflammation; no loner than 20 minutes 1 hr apart
30
What is the physiological stages that will be felt by patient when performing ice massage
1. Cold 2. Burn 3. Ache 4. Analgesia 5. Numbness
31
Which Cryotherapy modality can be used to stimulate or facilitate a desired motor response in patients with impaired motor control ?
Ice massage Apply to muscle belly for 3-5 sec or stroke to enhance contraction
32
How long should ice massages be performed?
5-10 minutes or until analgesia occurs
33
Apply ice massage to area no larger than ____ x _____ inches in slow (___inches/sec) overlapping circles
4x6 inches; (2inches/sec)
34
Describe cryokinetics.
Applying ice for 20 minutes or until analgesia, exercising 3-5 mins or until sensation returns and then reapplying ice until analgesia is reached again Repeated 5x
35
What is cryostretch?
Apply cooling agent prior to stretching Usually used to reduce spasm
36
True or false: applying cold pack after hot pack is more effecting improving PROM
True
37
Big advantage of controlled cold compression?
More effective for controlling inflammation due to simultaneous cold and compression
38
Temperature ranges for ___ to ____ degrees for controlled cold compression
55-70 F degrees
39
Cold bath?
Immersion of distal extremities Allows for circumferential contact
40
What degree should a cold bath be?
55-64 F degrees 50-59 F Compression 5-75 mm Hg
41
How long should the extremities be immersed in cold bath?
15-20 minutes
42
What is cryo cuff?
Circulates cold water and combines compression Consisted of nylon sleeve
43
The gallon container should be elevated how high to drain into the sleeve.
15-18 inches above
44
What cryotherapy modality is used for trigger points/tight muscles
Vapocoolant Spray
45
What temperature is vapocoolant spray?
32-79 F
46
How long should treatment last when using vapoocoolant
20 minutes
47
During contrasts bath, what temperature should the baths be?
Hot Bath: 100-111 F for 4 minutes transfer to cold for 1 minute Cold Bath: 55-65 F degrees End with warm water
48
How long should the treatment time be for contrast bath?
20-30 minutes
49
True or False: Superficial agents only heat the superficial muscles (only penetrates 2cm); Therefore to reach the deeper muscles use exercise or Diathermy/US
True
50
Hot packs should be emerged in what temperature water?
165-170 F
51
When does the hot pack reach peak heat?
Wishing 5 minutes
52
When is the patient at the greatest risk for burns?
Within the first 5 minutes
53
When should the therapist check the skin?
Within the first 5 minutes and periodically after especially if patient is lying on the hot pack
54
How long should the hot pack be applied?
20-30 minutes
55
What is the paraffin wax and mineral oil mixture ratio?
6:1 or 7:1
56
At what temperature does the paraffin/mineral oil melts and when are temperatures considered sterilizing?
Melts 118-130F *immerse Sterilizing 175-180F
57
Where is paraffin primarily applied?
Wrist, hand, foot
58
Describe the dip-wrap method (for wrist and hand) is known as ?
Glove method Dip 6-10 times Then wrap in a plastic bag
59
how long should the paraffin remain in place
10-15 mins
60
Describe the dip immersion method
Dip and leave in paraffin for 20 minutes
61
Describe the paint application method for paraffin
Paint paraffin onto area with brush; repeat 6-10 x
62
Tepid/nonthermal temperature for hydrotherapy
79-92F (26-33.3C) Temperature for exercise in water
63
Neutral water temperature for hydrotherapy
92-96F (33.3C-35.5C) Temperature for open wounds
64
Thermal temperature for hydrotherapy
96-104F (35.5-40C) Causes stress on CP and nervous system Lower ranges increase tissue mobility
65
Treatment time for hydrotherapy
20 minutes
66
When is hydrotherapy indicated
Subacute to chronic MS conditions
67
What are contraindications for full-immersion in hydrotherapy.
1. Unstable cardiac disorder 2. Bowel incontinence 3. Severe epilepsy 4. Suicidal 5. Potential for cross contamination
68
Cryotherapy or thermotherapy has an effect on spasticity?
Cryotherapy

Therapeutic Modalities (2 decks)

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