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Therapeutic Modalities > Superficial Thermotherapy > Flashcards

Superficial Thermotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

List the modes of Heat transfer.

A
  1. Conduction
  2. Convection
  3. Conversion
  4. Evaporation
  5. Radiation
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2
Q

What is the concept of conduction? Give an example.

A

Gain or loss of heat from direct contact b/t two materials at different temperatures

Heat conducted from a material of higher temp to a material of lower temp

Heat transfers continues until both materials are equal

Ie.—ice pack/hot pack/ paraffin

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3
Q

True or false: heat transfers more quickly with materials with a high thermal conductivity (water, metal)

A

True

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4
Q

True or false: the greater the difference between a heating or cooling agent and the body part it is applied to, the faster the rate of het transfer

A

True

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5
Q

How many layers of towels should be placed between hotpack and patient’s skin

A

6-8+ layers to reduce the rate of heat conduction

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6
Q

True or false: Patients are allowed to keep jewelry on when using heating/cooling agent

A

False; Metal has high specific heat which means heat conducts to it quicker

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7
Q

What is meant by convection? Give an example.

A

Gain/loss of heat resulting from air or water moving in a constant motion across body

I.e. Whirlpools; fluidotherapy; blood circulating in body

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8
Q

Concept of convection.

A

New parts of the agent are constantly coming in contact w/ target area at initial temperature thus body gets heated quicker

More heat in the same period time than heat transfer by conduction

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9
Q

Which mode of heat transfer quicker convection or conduction

A

Convection (thus requires less amount of time)

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10
Q

True or false: the risk of thermal injury is increased when circulation is impaired

A

True: circulation moves heated blood out of area and cooler blood is replaced in area

Vasodilation that occurs in response to heat protects the tissues by reading the risk of burning

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11
Q

Explain conversion. Give an example

A

Heating that occurs when nothermal energy is absorbed into tissue and transformed into heat

I.e. US, diathermy

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12
Q

Concept of Conversion

A

Heat transfer from nonthermal source that vibrates molecules within tissue creating heat

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13
Q

True or false: heating by conversion is not affected by the temperature of the thermal agent (unlike convection/conduction) but rate of transfer depends on the power of energy source

A

True

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14
Q

How is the power of US and diathermy measure in?

A

Watts, which refers to the amount of energy in Joules/sec

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15
Q

True or false: Conversion agents don’t require direct contact but do require an intervening material (gel)

A

true

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16
Q

Describe evaporation.

A

material must absorb energy to evaporat and thus change from liquid to gas/vapor

I.e. Vapocoolant spray

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17
Q

Describe radiation. Give an example

A

Transfer of energy from one material to another without the need for direct contact or intervening medium

I.e. laser, UV

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18
Q

List the Physiological defects of general heat application that are increased.

A
  1. CO
  2. Metabolic rate
  3. Pulse rate
  4. RR
  5. Vasodilation
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19
Q

List the Physiological defects of general heat application that are decreased.

A
  1. BP
  2. Muscle activity (sedentary effect)
  3. Blood to internal organ
  4. Blood flow to resting muscle
  5. SV
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20
Q

List Contraindications for Superficial Thermotherapy.

A
  1. Acute/early subacute traumatic and inflammatory conditions
  2. Decreased circulation
  3. General contraindications
  4. Tendency toward hemorrhage or edema
  5. Very young and very old patients
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21
Q

Therapeutic effects of cryotherapy

A
  1. Decrease blood flow
  2. Decrease edema
  3. Decreased local temperature
  4. Decreased metabolic rate
  5. Decreased nerved conduction velocity
  6. Decreased tone
  7. Increased pain threshold
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22
Q

Contraindications for Cryotherapy

A
  1. Cold intolerance
  2. Cold urticaria
  3. Cryoglobulinemia
  4. Infection
  5. Over area of comprised circulation
  6. Over regenerating peripheral nerves
  7. Paroxysmal cold/hemoglobinuria
  8. PVD
  9. Raynauds
  10. Skin anesthesia
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23
Q

Indications for Cryotherapy

A
  1. Abnormal tone
  2. Acute or chronic pain
  3. Acute or subacute inflammation
  4. Bursitis
  5. Muscle spasm
  6. MS trauma
  7. Tendonitis
  8. Tenosynovitis
  9. Myofascial trigger points
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24
Q

List Physiological effects of general cold application that decrease

A
  1. Metabolic rate
  2. Pulse Rate
  3. RR
  4. Venous BP
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25
Q

List Physiological effects of general cold application that increase

A
  1. Blood flow to internal organs
  2. CO
  3. SV
  4. Arterial BP

Shivering occurs when core temperature drops

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26
Q

Which body structure exhibits greater temperature change with cold agents

A

Skin temperature falls rapidly

Then subcutaneous fat, followed by muscles

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27
Q

Describe hunting effect?

A

Vasodilation after >15 minutes of cryotherapy (which initially causes vasoconstriction) at temps <35F

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28
Q

What is temperature are packs maintained at in the refrigerated unit?

A

0-10F or 25 F (SB)

29
Q

How long should cold packs/ice packs be applied?

A

10-20 minutes

If for inflammation; no loner than 20 minutes 1 hr apart

30
Q

What is the physiological stages that will be felt by patient when performing ice massage

A
  1. Cold
  2. Burn
  3. Ache
  4. Analgesia
  5. Numbness
31
Q

Which Cryotherapy modality can be used to stimulate or facilitate a desired motor response in patients with impaired motor control ?

A

Ice massage

Apply to muscle belly for 3-5 sec or stroke to enhance contraction

32
Q

How long should ice massages be performed?

A

5-10 minutes or until analgesia occurs

33
Q

Apply ice massage to area no larger than ____ x _____ inches in slow (___inches/sec) overlapping circles

A

4x6 inches; (2inches/sec)

34
Q

Describe cryokinetics.

A

Applying ice for 20 minutes or until analgesia, exercising 3-5 mins or until sensation returns and then reapplying ice until analgesia is reached again

Repeated 5x

35
Q

What is cryostretch?

A

Apply cooling agent prior to stretching

Usually used to reduce spasm

36
Q

True or false: applying cold pack after hot pack is more effecting improving PROM

A

True

37
Q

Big advantage of controlled cold compression?

A

More effective for controlling inflammation due to simultaneous cold and compression

38
Q

Temperature ranges for ___ to ____ degrees for controlled cold compression

A

55-70 F degrees

39
Q

Cold bath?

A

Immersion of distal extremities

Allows for circumferential contact

40
Q

What degree should a cold bath be?

A

55-64 F degrees

50-59 F

Compression 5-75 mm Hg

41
Q

How long should the extremities be immersed in cold bath?

A

15-20 minutes

42
Q

What is cryo cuff?

A

Circulates cold water and combines compression

Consisted of nylon sleeve

43
Q

The gallon container should be elevated how high to drain into the sleeve.

A

15-18 inches above

44
Q

What cryotherapy modality is used for trigger points/tight muscles

A

Vapocoolant Spray

45
Q

What temperature is vapocoolant spray?

A

32-79 F

46
Q

How long should treatment last when using vapoocoolant

A

20 minutes

47
Q

During contrasts bath, what temperature should the baths be?

A

Hot Bath: 100-111 F for 4 minutes transfer to cold for 1 minute

Cold Bath: 55-65 F degrees

End with warm water

48
Q

How long should the treatment time be for contrast bath?

A

20-30 minutes

49
Q

True or False: Superficial agents only heat the superficial muscles (only penetrates 2cm); Therefore to reach the deeper muscles use exercise or Diathermy/US

A

True

50
Q

Hot packs should be emerged in what temperature water?

A

165-170 F

51
Q

When does the hot pack reach peak heat?

A

Wishing 5 minutes

52
Q

When is the patient at the greatest risk for burns?

A

Within the first 5 minutes

53
Q

When should the therapist check the skin?

A

Within the first 5 minutes and periodically after especially if patient is lying on the hot pack

54
Q

How long should the hot pack be applied?

A

20-30 minutes

55
Q

What is the paraffin wax and mineral oil mixture ratio?

A

6:1 or 7:1

56
Q

At what temperature does the paraffin/mineral oil melts and when are temperatures considered sterilizing?

A

Melts 118-130F *immerse

Sterilizing 175-180F

57
Q

Where is paraffin primarily applied?

A

Wrist, hand, foot

58
Q

Describe the dip-wrap method (for wrist and hand) is known as ?

A

Glove method

Dip 6-10 times
Then wrap in a plastic bag

59
Q

how long should the paraffin remain in place

A

10-15 mins

60
Q

Describe the dip immersion method

A

Dip and leave in paraffin for 20 minutes

61
Q

Describe the paint application method for paraffin

A

Paint paraffin onto area with brush; repeat 6-10 x

62
Q

Tepid/nonthermal temperature for hydrotherapy

A

79-92F (26-33.3C)

Temperature for exercise in water

63
Q

Neutral water temperature for hydrotherapy

A

92-96F (33.3C-35.5C)

Temperature for open wounds

64
Q

Thermal temperature for hydrotherapy

A

96-104F (35.5-40C)
Causes stress on CP and nervous system

Lower ranges increase tissue mobility

65
Q

Treatment time for hydrotherapy

A

20 minutes

66
Q

When is hydrotherapy indicated

A

Subacute to chronic MS conditions

67
Q

What are contraindications for full-immersion in hydrotherapy.

A
  1. Unstable cardiac disorder
  2. Bowel incontinence
  3. Severe epilepsy
  4. Suicidal
  5. Potential for cross contamination
68
Q

Cryotherapy or thermotherapy has an effect on spasticity?

A

Cryotherapy

Therapeutic Modalities (2 decks)

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