Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Superficial Neck > Flashcards

Superficial Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Layer 1

A

Platysma M.

External Jugular V.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Platysma is innervated by

A

Cranial Branch of the Facial Nerve (VII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Layer 2

A

Trapezius M.

Spinal Accessory N. (XI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Trapezius M. is innervated by the

A

Spinal Accessory N. (XI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Layer 3

A

Ansa Cervicalis
Superior and Inferior Roots
Superior Omohyoid M. - Innervated by the Ansa Cervicalis
Inferior Omohyoid M. - Innervated by the Ansa Cervicalis
Sternohyoid M.
Sternothyroid M.
Thyrohyoid M.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles (4)

A

Omohyoid M. (Superior and Inferior bellies and intermediate ligament connecting)
Sternohyoid M.
Thyrohyoid M. - Covered by Sternohyoid M.
Sternothyroid M. - Covered by Sternohyoid M.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles (4)

A

Gleniohyoid M.
Digastric M.
Mylohyoid M.
Stylohyoid M.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscular Torticollis

A

Most frequently caused by birth trauma. “Wry neck” can be present in congenital - infants. Muscular or nerve injury.

A benign, fibrous tumor may accompany this condition. This is termed “Fribromatosis Colli” and typically resolves with physical therapy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The SCM is innervated by

A

The Spinal Accessory N. (XI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

During its course the Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) receives contributions from ___ for the SCM

A

C2-C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

During its course the Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) receives contributions from ___ for the Trapezius M

A

C3-C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inferior Thyroid Artery

A

Blood supply to the thyroid
Relationship with the Recurrent laryngeal nerve is a big deal for the removal of the thyroid gland
If you cut the recurrent larygneal nerve - the patient will be dysphonic (hoarse) and vocal chords will be paralyzed on one sides, closes off half the airways, can cause reduced breathing/ difficulty breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thoracic Outlet / Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A

The thoracic outlet is the space in between the clavicle and the first rib. This narrow passageway is filled with nerves, vessels and muscles.

Brachial Plexus
Subclavian A
Subclavian V

Types of symptoms:

  1. Neurologic: numbness of limbs, pain, weakness
  2. Vascular: weak pulse, blood clots, pallor and coldness,

Causes:

  • Poor Posture
  • Repetitive Use

Treatment:
- Physical Therapy and Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Superficial Branches of the Cervical Plexus

A
  1. Lesser Occipital Nerve
  2. Greater Auricular Nerve
  3. Transverse Cervical Nerve
  4. Supraclavicular Nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Relationship of the Phrenic N.

A

Anterior to the Anterior Scalene Muscle
The Subclavian V. is also anterior to the Anterior Scalene M.
The Phrenic N. is sandwiched in between - it is anterior to the Anterior Scalene M. and it is posterior to the Subclavian V.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Relationship of the Subclavian A and Brachial Plexus (C5-T1)

A

The Subclavian A. and the Brachial Plexus are located posterior to the Anterior Scalene M. in the interscalene formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Omohyoid Muscle

A

Arises from the supracapular notch and inserts on the hyoid bone. Innervated by the Anasa Cervicalis. It has a superior and inferior belly that is connected by an intermediate tendon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anterior Triangle of the Neck is covered by the platysma investing fascia - what triangles are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

A
  1. Carotid Triangle
  2. Muscular Triangle
  3. Submandibular Triangle
  4. Submental Triangle
19
Q

What are the borders of the Carotid Triangle in the Anterior Triangle?

A

Borders are the posterior digastric M., Superior Omohyoid M. and the SCM

20
Q

What are the contents of the Carotid Triangle in the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • Branches of the Carotid System
    • Internal Jugular Vein
    • Ansa Cervicalis
      • Cranial Nerves IX, X, XII
21
Q

The submandibular salivary gland is drained by which duct and where does it drain to?

A

The submandibular salivary gland is drained by the Submandibular duct (Wharton’s Duct) it drains into the sublingual gland at the sublingual caruncle the lingual nerve spirals around the duct

22
Q

Submandibular Gland Relationships

A
  1. The Submandibular Gland has a close relationship to the Parotid Gland - it may be involved in viral inflammations such as epidemic parotitis (mumps)
  2. Superficially - the gland is covered by the Platysma M., Facial V., and marginal branch of VII.
  3. Posterior portion of the gland is wedged near the Mylohyoid M.
  4. Supero-posteriorly the gland is grooved by the Facial A.
23
Q

What artery supplies the Submandibular Gland?

A

Facial A. drains into the Facial V.

24
Q

Where does lymph drain from the Submandibular Gland?

A

Submandibular lymph nodes –> Deep Cervical Nodes

25
Q

Describe the innervation of the Submandibular Gland

A

The submandibular gland is innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.

Parasympathetic: Pre-ganglionicfibers from the superior salivatory nucleus exits the brain stem with the facial nerve, travels through the chords tympani and joins with the lingual nerve * SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION before terminating in the Sublingual Gland and Submandibular Gland

Sympathetic: Postganglionic sympathetic fibers originate in the superior cervical ganglion and reach the gland by coursing in the external carotid and facial plexuses
*SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION

26
Q

The Submandibular Gland is attached to which nerve?

A

Lingual Nerve

27
Q

The Lingual Nerve

A

The Lingual Nerve is located behind the third molar
between the medial pterygoid and the mandible. Between the mylohyoid and the hyoglossus muscles. It spirals around the submandibular duct - the submandibular duct is attached to the Lingual Nerve.

28
Q

PROXIMALLY - What types of fibers does the Lingual Nerve have?

A

Proximally GSA (sensory) distribute to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.

Chorda tympani (PS) merges with the lingual and adds SVA (taste) and GVE parasympathetic fibers to the distal portion of the nerve.

GVE Fibers terminate in the submandibular gland

*LOSS OF SENSE AND TASTE

29
Q

Zones of Penetrating Trauma - ZONE 1

What are the boundaries of the zones?
Structures at risk of injury?

A

Clavicle to anterior arch of Cricoid Cartilage

Structures at risk:

  • Root of neck
  • Lower parasaggital region
  • Cervical Spine
  • Spinal Cord
  • Brachial Plexus
  • Superior mediastinum
  • Cupola of the lung
  • Vertebral A, Subclavian A, Proximal Common Carotid
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus
  • Thymus
  • Thoracic Duct
30
Q

Zones of Penetrating Trauma - ZONE 2

What are the boundaries of the zones?
Structures at risk of injury?

A

Anterior arch of the cricoid cartilage to the angle of the mandible

Structures at Risk:

  • Recurrent Largyneal N
  • Carotid and Submandibular Triangles
  • Middle and Upper Parasaggital Regions
  • Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord
  • Internal and External Carotid Arteries
  • Jugular Veins
  • Pharynx, Larynx
  • Esophagus
31
Q

Zones of Penetrating Trauma - ZONE 3

What are the boundaries of the zones?
Structures at risk of injury?

A

Angle of mandible to the base of the skull

Structures at Risk:

  • Distal extra cranial carotid
  • Vertebral As.
  • Carotid and Submandibular Triangles
  • Upper parasaggital triangles
32
Q

Thyroid Gland - What is the thyroglossal duct?

A

Occasionally there can be some accessory thyroid tissue, an embryological remnant of the thryoglossbal duct - it can continue superiorly through the hyoid bone towards the FORMEN CAECUM of the tongue.

33
Q

What are Thyroglossal Cysts?

A

CN: Thyroglossal Cysts: may form along the course of this tissue. Most thyroglossal duct cysts are discovered in children and young adults. They are usually located in the midline at or just below the hyoid bone.

34
Q

Relationships of the Thyroid Gland - Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

A

Located medial tot he lobes of the thyroid gland between the trachea and the esophagus. Innervates all the muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid.

  • Runs in the tracheo-esophageal groove

ANTERIOR:
- Barry’s Ligament - the lobe is stuck and tightly adherent to the trachea
This is a problem from ENT because they have to get the thyroid lobe off the trachea but immediately behind barry’s ligament is the recurrent laryngeal nerve

35
Q

What is the blood supply to the thyroid gland?

A

Superior Thyroid A. - common or external carotids As.

Inferior Thyroid A. - comes from the thyrocervical trunk

36
Q

What artery supplies the parathyroid glands?

A

Inferior Thyroid A.

37
Q

What is a tracheotomy? What has it been replaced by?

What is a tracheostomy?

A

Emergency airway that is cut through tracheal ring 2-4. It has been replaced by cricothyrotomy - emergency airway through the cricothyroid membrane

Tracheostomy? - longterm airway through which tracheal rings 2-4 usually for a ventilator

38
Q

What is the clinical significance of the Cupula of Pleura in this region?

A

Extends to the root of the neck. Occupied by the apical portion of the lung

Penetrating wounds to the base of the neck may puncture the pleural cavity and or lung/ collapse the lung and result in a pneumothorax

39
Q

Retropharyngeal Space - What are the two fascial layers it is between and the clinical significance

A

In between the Buccopharyngeal fascia and the pre-vertebral fascia

Clinical Correlation: Root of infection - spreads from the neck to the superior mediastinum through the retropharyngeal space. Infections from the superior mediastinum can result in cardiac arrest.
It is normally closed by areolar loose CT.

40
Q

CN: Internal Jugular Venous Puncture

A

A needle and catheter may be inserted in the IJV for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The RIGHT IJV is larger and straighter

During this procedure the physician palpates the common carotid artery and inserts the needle into the IJV just lateral at 30 degree angle

41
Q

CN: Subclavian Venous Puncture

A

The right or left subclavian vein is often the point of entry to the venous system for central line placement such as a pulmonary artery catheter.

42
Q

CN: Thyroid IMA Artery

A

10% of people have small unpaired Thyroid IMA artery - branch of the brachiocephalic trunk - this should be considered before a tracheotomy this is a potential source of bleeding.

43
Q

BB: Paralysis of Platysma

A

Paralysis of the platysma m. resulting from injury to the cervical branch of the facial nerve causes the skin to fall away from the neck in slack folds.

During surgical dissections of the neck, extra care is taken to preserve the cervical branch of the facial nerve. When suturing wounds of the neck, surgeons carefully suture the skin and the edges of the Platysma, if not the skin wound will be distracted (pulled in different directions) by the contracting platysma m. fibers and a disfiguring scar may develop

44
Q

BB: Spread of infections in the neck

A

The investing layer of deep cervical fascia (Trapezius M and SCM - Spinal Accessory Nerve XI) - helps to prevent the spread of abscesses (infections) caused by tissue damage. If an infection occurs between the investing layer of deep cervical fascia and the MUSCULAR part of the pre tracheal fascia surrounding the infra hyoid muscles, the infection will usually not spread beyond the manubrium of the sternum.

However, if the infection occurs between the investing fascia and the VISCERAL part of the pre tracheal fascia it can spread into the thoracic cavity anterior to the pericardium.

Infections can also spread in the retropharyngeal space - inferiorly into the superior mediastinum

Neuro (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions