Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

- SBOD 6 > Superficial Face & Parotid Region > Flashcards

Superficial Face & Parotid Region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major bones of the anterior skull from inferior to superior?

A

Mandible (most inferior)
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Frontal (most superior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three foramina of the anterior skull, what passes through these, and how are the arranged?

A

Mental F. (Mental N. - V3)
Infraorbital F. (Infraorbital N. - V2)
Supraorbital F. (Supraorbital N. - V1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are all of the muscles of facial expression derived from?

A

All 18 muscles of facial expression are derived from the 2nd Pharyngeal Arch, and are innervated by CN VII.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In general, where do the muscles of facial expression originate & insert?

A

The muscles of facial expression originate from either bone/fascia & insert into the skin of the face.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the muscle that wrinkles the scalp and is associated with the calvaria?

A

The OCCIPITOFRONTALIS is a muscle of the scalp and is composed of a frontal belly (FRONTALIS) responsible for wrinkling the skin of the forehead & contributes to the elevation of the eyebrows.

The other portion of this muscle is the occipital belly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three parts & functions of the muscle surrounding the orbit?

A

ORBICULARIS OCULI

Orbital - tightly constricts or contracts the skin around the eye (winking/squinting)

Palebral - gently closes the skin around the eye (blinking - palebral reflex)

Lacrimal - acts on lacrimal sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What acts as the sphincter of the mouth and allows lips to pucker?

A

ORBICULARIS ORIS is the sphincter of the mouth, which functions to close, protrude, and pucker the lips & mouth.
It consists partly of fibers that insert into it from other facial muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What three muscles elevates the upper lip or lowers the bottom lip?

A

LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS raises the upper lip.
DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS lowers the bottom lip.
L.L.S. ALAEQUE NASI flares the nostrils and raises upper lip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What three muscles are involved in smiling?

A

ZYGOMATIC MAJOR - originates on zygomatic bone
ZYGOMATIC MINOR
RISORIUS
All pulls corners of mouth superiorly & laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which two muscles affect the angle of the mouth?

A

The LEVATOR/DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS raises the angle/lowers is inferolaterally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the major muscle involved is involved in eating/drinking and playing a horn instrument?

A

The BUCCINATOR presses the cheek against the molar teeth, which keeps food out of the oral vestibule during mastication and is active when expelling air from the oral cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What two muscles originate/insert at the pterygomandibular raphe?

A

The buccinator & superior constrictor muscles both attach to the pterygomandibular raphe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the parotid fascia/capsule a continuation of and what does it cover?

A

The parotid fascia is a continuation of the cervical or deep investing fascia that covers the trapezius and SCM muscles in the neck.
It covers the parotid gland (& bed) and encapsulates the MASSETER muscle (so we think).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the parotid gland’s shape, location, and what is the isthmus?

A

The parotid gland is triangular and irregularly wedge shaped.

It is found in the parotid bed, and extends posteriorly between the ranks of the mandible (on its anterior side) and the mastoid process of the temporal bone (on its posterior side. This extension is called the isthmus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the boundaries of the parotid bed?

A

Posteriorly - SCM’s anterior side & EAM
Anteriorly - posterior ½ of Masseter
Superiorly - Temporal Bone & Zygomatic Arch
Inferior - Submandibular Triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the course of the parotid duct.

A
  1. Extends from the anterior border below the zygomatic bone
  2. Cross over masseter
  3. Goes deep at the anterior border of the buccal fat pad
  4. Opens in interior of mouth opposing the 2nd superior molar
17
Q

Where is the lateral pharyngeal space located, and how does it communicate with the retropharyngeal space?

A

The LPS is the area deep to the parotid fascia and superficial to the buccopharyngeal fascia, and it communicates with the retropharyngeal space medially.

18
Q

Explain the course of CN VII.

A
  1. Exits the cranium through the stylomastoid foramen
  2. Gives off branches to muscles (p. digastric & stylohyoid) and the posterior auricular branch.
  3. Peirces parotid gland and splits into superior (temporofacial) and inferior (cervicofacial) divisions.
    4S. The temporofacial division gives off a temporal branch, zygomatic branch, and an anastomotic buccal branch.
    4I. The cervicofacial division gives off an anastomotic buccal branches, a mandibular branch, and a cervical branch.
19
Q

What is CN VII’s relationship to the blood vessels of the area?

A

CN VII (most superficial)

Retromandibular v.

External Carotid a. (most deep)

20
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland (shuts off salivation) is from the cervical chain ganglia (T1-T2), which is running with branches of the external carotid a. (most likely posterior auricular a.).

21
Q

What is the GSA innervation of the parotid fascia & gland?

A

GSA innervation is mixed from cervical plexus (C2-C3) and from CN V3 (Mandibular n.)

22
Q

What is the Mental N. a continuation of?

A

The inferior aveolar n. (V3) gives off the n. to mylohyoid before entering the mandibular foramen, then continues until the mental foramen where it exits and becomes the mental n. which provides GSA innervation to the lower face.

23
Q

What are the four minor cutaneous nerves?

A

Supratrochlear n (V1)
Zygomaticofacial n. (V2)
Buccal n. (V3)
Auriculotemporal n. (V3)

24
Q

Explain the path of the tympanic n. and its contribution to parasympathetic GVE innervation of the parotid gland

A
  1. After giving off GSA fibers to middle ear, the tympanic n. becomes the lesser petrosal n. (preganglionic GVE-fibers only)
  2. Lesser petrosal n. exits the bone via LP hiatus, then runs across the middle cranial fossa to the foramen ovale.
  3. Follows V3 fibers through foramen ovale
  4. Synapses with postganglionic nerves in otic ganglia (located outside of cranium, medial to V3 fibers)
  5. Postganglionic GVE fibers distribute via the auriculotemporal branch of V3.
25
Q

What two nerves contain GVE parasympathetic preganglionic fibers of CN IX? Postganglionic?

A

Tympanic N. (pre)
Lesser Petrosal N. (pre)

V3 - Auriculotemporal N (post)

26
Q

Explain the course of the facial a., which is the primary blood supply to anterior face.

A
  1. Curves over the mandible at the anterior edge of the masseter muscle
  2. Crosses diagonally past the angle of mouth, going under the zygomaticus major muscle.
  3. Gives off labial branches (above/below lips) and a nasal branch.
27
Q

What artery branches at the same point as facial from ECA, and where does it travel?

A

The occipital a. branches at the same level as facial, but travels posterior & superior with the hypoglossal n.

28
Q

Explain the course of the posterior auricular a.

A
  1. Branches from ECA at the superior boundary of posterior belly of digastric muscle
  2. It runs parallel with the stylohyoid muscle then over the styloid process posteriorly to the groove between the mastoid process & the cartilage of the EAM.
  3. It supplies the parotid gland, styloid muscles, posterior digastric muscle.
29
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the ECA

A

Maxillary A. (runs deep to ramus mandible)

Superficial Temporal A (travels superiorly)

30
Q

Explain the course of the superficial temporal a.

A
  1. Gives off the transverse facial branch around the condylar process
  2. Travels over the posterior zygomatic arch
  3. Enters the temporal region of the scalp
  4. Divides into frontal & parietal divisions
31
Q

What part of the face has heavy anastomotic arterial connections and what vessels are involved?

A

Branches of ECA (facial a. & superficial temporal a.) & ICA (ophthalmic a.) anastomose above the nose & eyebrows.

32
Q

What is the venous drainage into the IJV?

A

Facial v. drains into the IJV.

33
Q

Explain the venous drainage into EJV.

A
  1. Superficial Temporal v. combines with the Maxillary v. to form the retromandibular v.
  2. Retromandibular v. combines with the Posterior Auricular v. to form the external jugular v.
34
Q

What is a common communicating vein between the jugular routes of drainage

A

There is a communicating vein that frequently occurs between the facial vein (drains into IJV) & the anterior jugular vein (drains into EJV) near/along SCM.

35
Q

Explain why the danger triangle has its name.

A

There is extensive communication in veinous drainage between the superficial systems and the deeper/cranial systems (pterygoid plexus & cavernous sinus).

36
Q

During cosmetic removal of the buccal fat pad, what structures are at risk?

A

Parotid duct

VII’s branches of Buccal N. (run on top)

- SBOD 6 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions