Superficial & Deep Back Flashcards
1
Q
Trapezius (Upper, Middle & Lower)
A
Attachment:
- Proximal-medial third of superior nuchal line; external occiput; nuchal ligament; spinous process of C7 to T12
- Distal-lateral third of clavicle acromion and spine of scapula
Innervation:
- Spinal accesory nerve (XI)
Action:
- Lower part elevates; upper part depresses; middle part (or all parts together) retracts scaupla
- Lower and upper parts act together to rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly
- Bilaterally extend the head ad neck
2
Q
Levator Scapulae
A
Attachments:
- Proximal-posterior tubercles of transverse process of C1-C4 vertebrae
- Distal-medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine
Innervation:
- Dorsal scapular nerve
Action:
- Elevates the scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
3
Q
Latissimus Dorsi
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- spinous processes of inferior thoracic vertebrae (7-12), thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3-4 ribs.
- Distal- floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Innervation:
- Thoracodorsal nerve
Action:
- Extends, Adducts and medially rotates humerus, raises body toward arms during climbing
4
Q
Thoracolumbar Aponeurosis (Fasica)
A
Attachments:
- Extends laterally from the spinous processes and forms a thin covering over the intrinsic muscles of the back muscles in the thoracic region and a strong thick covering for muscles in the lumbar region.
- Attaches to the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments and to the capsule of the facet joints
5
Q
Rhomboid Major
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- spinous process of T2-T5 vertebrae ‘
- Distal- medial border of scaupla from level of spine to inferior angle
Innvervation:
- Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
Action:
- Retracts scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly
- Fix scapula to thoracic wall
6
Q
Rhomboid Minor
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 & T1 vertebrae
- Distal- smooth triangular area at medial end of scapular spine
Innervation:
- Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
Action:
- Retracts scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly
- Fix scapula to the thoracic wall
7
Q
Serratus Posterior Superior
A
Attachments:
- Lateral- ribs 2-5
- Medial- ligamentum nuchae at C7; spinous process of T1-T3
Innervation:
- Intercostal 2-5
Action:
- Elevates ribs
8
Q
Serratus Posterior Superior
A
Attachments:
- Lateral- ribs 2-5
- Medial- ligamentum nuchae at C7; spinous process of T1-T3
Innervation:
- Intercostal 2-5
Action:
- Elevates ribs
9
Q
Serratus Posterior Inferior
A
Attachments:
- Ribs 9-12
- Medial: spinous process T11-T12
Innervation:
- Intercostal 9-12
Action:
- Depresses ribs
10
Q
Sternocleidomastoid
A
Attachments:
- Upper part of anterior surface of manubrium; superior border and anterior surface of medial third of clavicle
- Lateral surface of the mastoid process; Nuchal line of the occiptal bone
Innervation:
- Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI)
Action:
- Draws head towards the shoulder of same side, rotates head to the opposite side, flexes cervical part of vertebral column, assists in elevating the thorax
11
Q
Anterior Scalenes
A
Attachments:
- Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-C6, and attaches onto the scalene tubercle, on the inner border of the first rib
Innervation:
- Anterior rami of C5-C6
Action:
- Elevation of the first rib
- Flexes and laterally bends the neck to same side
12
Q
Middle Scalenes
A
Attachments:
- Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C2-C7, and attaches to the scalene tubercle of the first rib
Innervation:
- Anterior rami of C3-C8
Action:
- Flexes and laterally bends the neck to same side
13
Q
Posteior Scalenes
A
Attachments:
- Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C5-C7, and attaches into the second rib
Innvervation:
- Anterior rami of C6-C8
Action:
- Elevate the second rib and tilt the neck to the same side
14
Q
Splenius Capitis
A
Attchments:
- Proximal- nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae
- Distal- fibers run superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Innervation:
- Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action:
- Unilaterally- laterally flex the neck and rotate the head to side of actvie muscle
- Bilaterally- extend the head and neck
- Ipsilateral flexion
15
Q
Splenius Cervicis
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- Spinous process of T6
- Distal- tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
Innervation:
- Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action:
- Laterally flex the neck and rotate the head to side of active muscles
- Bilaterally extend the head and neck
16
Q
Semispinalis Capitis
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- arises from transverse processes of C4-T12 vertebrae
- Distal- fibers run superomedially to occiptal bone and spinous processes in the thoracic and cervical regions spannnig 4-6 segments
Innervation:
- Posteior rami of spinal nerves
Action:
- extends head, thoracic and cervical regions of the vertebral column and rotates them contralaterally
17
Q
Semispinalis Cervicis
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- arises from the transverse processes of C4-T12 vertebrae
- Fibers run superiomedially to occipital bone up to C2
Innvervation:
- Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action:
- extends head thoracic and cervical reigons of the vertebral column/rotates them contralaterally
18
Q
Spinalis
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- L2 spinous process/lamina
- Distal- spinous process of C2
Innervation:
- Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action:
- Bilaterally- extends vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, controls movement vis eccentric contraction
- Laterally- flexes the vertebral column
19
Q
Longissimus
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- Arises by a broad tendon from the posterior part of the iliac crest, posterior surface of the sacrum
- Distal- Mastoid process of temporal bone
Innervation:
- Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action:
- Bilaterally- extends vertebral column/head; as backis flexed controls movement via eccentric contraction
- Laterally- flexes vertebral column
*makes up 1/3 of the erector spinae muscle, remember ILS from lateral to medial*
20
Q
Iliocostalis
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- arises by a broad tendon from the posterior part of the iliac crest, posterior surface of the sacrum
- Distal- Mastoid process of temporal bone
Innervation:
- Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action:
- Bilaterally- extends vertebral column/head; as backis flexed controls movement via eccentric contraction
- Laterally- flex vertebral column
*makes up 1/3 of the erector spinae muscle, remember ILS from lateral to medial*
21
Q
Quadratus Lumborum
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- medial half of inferior border of 12th ribs; Transverse process L1-L4
- Distal- iliac crest
Innervation:
- Anterior branches of T12 & L1-L4
Action:
- Extends, laterally flexes vertebral column; flexes 12th rib during inspiration
22
Q
Multifidus (Lumbar)
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- arises from posterior sacrum, posterior iliac spine of the ilium, aponeurosis of the erector spinae, sacroiliac ligaments, mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of T1-T3, articular processes of C4-C7.
- Distal- thickest in the lumbar regions; fibers pass obliquely superomedially to entire lenth of the spinous processes located 2-4 segements superior to proximal attachment
Innervation:
- Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action:
- Stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column
23
Q
Rotatores Brevis & Longus
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- arise from transverse processes of vertebrae; best developed in the thoracic region
- Distal- fibers pass superomedially to attach to the lamina & transverse process or spinous process of the vertebra immediately superior to it (brevis) or spinous process 2 segments superior to the vertebra of attachment (longus)
Innervation:
- Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action:
- Stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotatory movements of veterbral column; may function as origins for proprioception
24
Q
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- spinous process of C2
- Distal- inferior nuchal line on medial side
Innveration:
- Suboccipital nerve
Action:
- Extends the head and rotates to same side
25
Q
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- posteior tubercle of C1
- Distal- Medially to the inferior nuchal line
Innervation:
- Suboccipital nerve
Action:
- Extends the head
26
Q
Obliquus Capitis Superior
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- posterior tubercle of transverse process of C1
- Distal- lateral aspect of inferior nuchal line
Innervation:
- Subocciptal nerve
Action:
- Extends the head rorates the head to the same side
27
Q
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
A
Attachments:
- Proximal- spoinous process of C2
- Distal- posterior tubercle of transverse process C1
Innvervation:
- Subocciptal nerve
Action:
- Rotates head to same side
28
Q
Levatorus Costarum
A
Attachments:
- Transverse processes of C7-T11
- Rib below its origin medial to the angle
Innervation:
- Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Action:
- Elevates the rib
29
Q
Greater Occipital Nerve
A
30
Q
Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
A
31
Q
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
A
32
Q
Dorsal Scapular Artery
A
33
Q
Suprascapular Nerve
A
34
Q
Suprascapular Artery
A
35
Q
Occipital Artery
A
36
Q
Recurrent Meningeal Nerve
A
Innervates:
- Periosteum
- Posterior & posterolateral surface of annulous fibrosus (IVD)
- Posterior logitudinal ligament
- Ligamentum flava
- Dura mater
- Epidural blood vessels
**Arises from within the intervertebral foramen
37
Q
Dorsal Rami
A
Lateral Articulating Branch
- Muscles lateral to the facet
- Periosteum of the vertebrae
- Skin of the back
Medial Articulating Branch
- Zygopopyseal joint
- Interspinous ligament
- Muscles media to the facet joint
- Periosteum of the vertebrae
Muscles Innvervated by Dorsal Rami:
- Splenius Capitis/Cervicis
- Erector Spinae (ILS)
- Transversospinalis
- Intertransversarii
- Interspinalis
- Levatores Costarum
- Multifidus
38
Q
Ventral Rami
A
Innervates:
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Levator Scapulae
- Rhomboids
- Quadratus lumborum
- Serratus posterior superior
- Serratus posterior inferior
