Superficial Back Muscles

Question 1

Axioappendicular muscles

Answer 1

Attach the upper limb (appendicular skeleton) to the axial skeleton
Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor
Extrinsic muscles - move the upper limb
Innervation - ventral primary ramus

Question 2

Trapezius

Answer 2

Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 - T12
Insertion: clavicle (lateral third), acromion and spine of scapula
Innervation: Motor - CN XI
Pain proprioception - C3-4
Blood supply: superficial branch of transverse cervical a.

Question 3

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 3

Origin: spinous process of lower 6 T-vertebrae
Insertion: intertubercular groove (between Teres minor and pectoralis major)
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8) of brachial plexus
Blood supply: thoracodorsal a.

Question 4

Levator scapulae

Answer 4

Origin: transverse processes of first 3-4 C-vertebrae
Insertion: superior angle of scapula and along its upper medial border
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and C3-4
Blood supply: dorsal scapular a. (branch of axillary a.) or deep branch of transverse cervical a.

Question 5

Rhomboid major and minor

Answer 5

Origin: spines of lower cervical (C7) and T1-5 vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and some fibers from C4
Blood supply: dorsal scapular a.

Question 6

Trapezius action and Nerve injury

Answer 6

Action:
   Holds upper limb to trunk
   Adducts scapula - middle fibers
   Raises scapula - upper fibers
   Depresses scapula - lower fibers
   Rotates scapula
Injury: results in drooping of scapula
   Shoulder drop

Question 7

Latissimus dorsi action and Nerve injury

Answer 7

Action:
Extends arm and rotates medially
Used in chopping wood or crawl stroke
Adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus at joint
Adducts the arm
Injury: unable to raise the trunk with the upper limbs when climbing

Question 8

Levator scapula action

Answer 8

Elevates scapula

Rotates scapula to move the glenoid cavity and shoulder joint inferiorly

Question 9

Rhomboid major and minor action and Nerve injury

Answer 9

Action:
Adducts scapula
Rotates scapula - glenoid moves inferiorly
Injury: inability to adduct the scapula