Superficial back Flashcards
1
Q
Superficial Back Surface Landmarks (9 landmarks)
A
- External occipital protuberance
- Vertebral prominens (C7)
- Fold of Trapezius
- Spine fo Scapula
- Medial Border of Scapula
- Intrinsic back Muscles
- L4 vertebra
- Iliac Crest
- Posterior Superior Iliac Spines
2
Q
Axial Skeleton
A
- Skull
- Sternum
- Ribs
- Vertebral column
3
Q
Appendicular Skeleton
A
- Upper limb and Pectoral Girdle
- Lower Limb and Pelvic Girdle
4
Q
How many vertebra are there
A
- 33
- 7 cervical
- 12 Thoracic
- 5 Lumbar
- 5 Sacrum
5
Q
Typical Vertebra structure
A
6
Q
____ is the only bone attachment of the upper appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton
A
Clavicle
7
Q
A
8
Q
Superficial Back muscle attachements to the Scapula
A
- Superior angle
- Levator Scapulae
- Medial Border
- Rhomboids
- Minor
- Inserts on median border slighlty above or at the level of the spinous process
- Major
- Inserts on median border slighlty at or below the spinous process of the Scapula
- Minor
- Rhomboids
- Inferior angle
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Spine and Acromion
- Trapezius
9
Q
Posterior View of Scapula
A
- Pectoral girdle
- Only bone attachment is clavicle
- Superifcial back muscle attachments
- Superior angle
- levator scapulae
- Medial Border
- Rhomboids
- Inferior angle
- latissimus dorsi
- Spine and Acromion
- Trapezious
- Superior angle
10
Q
Osteological features of the Humerus
A
11
Q
Superficial Back Fascia
A
- Vertebral Arch Ligaments
- Supraspinous ligmanent
- Interspinuous ligaments
- Liagmentum flavum
- Ligamentum nuchae
- Occipital protuberance
- Spinous process C7
- Role
- Postural (aids extensors)
- Keeps trapezius from bowing during contraction
- Thoracolumbar fascia
- Deep fascia of the back
- Invests the intrinsic back muscle
- Separates the intrinsic and extrinsic back muscles
12
Q
Ligamentum Nuchae
A
- Superfiscial Fascia of the back
- Attachements
- from the occipital protuberance
- to the spinous process C7
- Role
- Postural (aids extensors)
- Keeps trapezius from bowing during contraction
13
Q
Thoracolumbar Fascia (TFL)
A
- Deep Fascia of the back
- Invest the intrinsic back muscle
- Separates the intrinsic and extrinsic back muscles
14
Q
What is the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic back muscles
A
- Intrinsic
- Function
- Postural movement of spine
- Innervation
- Dorsal rami
- Function
- Extrinsic
- Attachment
- Attach pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton
- Function
- Movement of scapula or humerus
- Innervation
- Ventral rami
- Attachment
15
Q
A
17
Q
Dorsal rami vs. Ventral rami innervate
A
- Dorsal Rami
- Innervate
- Vertebrae and joints
- “True” or intrinsic back muscles (only muscles deep to thoracolumbar fascia)
- Skin of back
- Innervate
- Ventral Rami
- Innervate
- All other skeletal muscles
- Dermatome segments
- Innervate
18
Q
Trapezius
A
- Origin
- Descending:
- the external occipital protuberance
- Ligamentum nuchae
- Spinous process of the C7 Vertebra
- Transverse:
- The aponeurosis of the Spinous processes at the T1-T4 vertebrae
- Ascending:
- The spinous process of the T5-T12 vertebrae
- Descending:
- Insertion
- Descending:
- The lateral one-third of the clavicle
- Transverse:
- The medial side of the acromion
- Ascending:
- The upper crest and tubercle of the scapular spine
- Descending:
- Innervation:
- Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
- C2-C6
- Arterial Supply:
- Transverse Cervical Artery
- Action
- Retraction
- Superior rotation
- elevation and depression of scapula
20
Q
Damage to the spinal branch XI clinical correlation
A
- Damage to spinal branch XI
- Partial paralysis of the trapezius
- shoulder drop
- Weakness in shoulder
- Difficulty lifting upper limb > 90 degrees
- Flaccid paralysis of Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
- Torticollis
- Contraction/Fibrosis
- Partial paralysis of the trapezius
21
Q
Latissimus Dorsi
A
- Origin:
- inferior angle of scapula
- 9th-12th ribs
- Spinous process of T7-T12 vertebrae
- Thoracolumbar fascia
- Posterior one-third of iliac crest
- Insertion
- Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
- Action
- Extension
- adduction and internal rotation of the arm
- aids in respiration
- Innervation:
- Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
- Arterial Supply:
- Thoracodorsal artery
- posterior intercostal arteries
- subcostal artery
- lumbar arteries
23
Q
Thoracodorsal Nerve
A
- Ventral Rami (C6,C7,C8)
- Innervates
- Latissimus
- Path:
- Located at the deep side of the Latissimus
- will enter the muscle in the middle
24
Q
Levator Scapulae
A
- Origin
- Transverse Processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
- Insertion
- Part of medial margin of scapula that lies superior to spine of scapula
- Action
- Involved in flexing the head and neck laterally
- elevation and inferior rotation of the scapula
- Innervation:
- Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5)
- C3 spinal nerve
- C4 spinal nerve
- Arterial supply
- Ascending cervical artery
- Transverse cervical artery
- Dorsal scapular artery
25
Q
Rhomboid Major
A
- Origin
- Spinous Processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
- Insertion
- Part of medial margin of scapula that lies inferior to spine of scapula
- Action
- Stabilization, retraction (adduction), elevation, and interal rotation of the scapula
- Innervation:
- Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5)
- Arterial Supply:
- Dorsal Scapular artery
26
Q
Rhomboid Minor
A
- Origin
- Spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebra
- inferior part of ligamentum nuchae
- Insertion
- Part of medial margin of scapula that lies adjacent to spine of scapula
- Action
- Stabilization, retraction (adduction), elevation, and interal rotation of the scapula
- Innervation
- Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5)
- Arterial Supply
- Dorsal Scapular artery
28
Q
What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate
A
- Innervates the 3 muscles of the 2nd layer of the superficial back muscles
- Levator Scapulae
- Rhomboid Minor
- Rhomboid Major
29
Q
Intermediate layer (3rd) of extrinsic back muscles
A
- Serratus Posterior
- Superior
- Inferior
- Both attach to ribs
- Aid in respiration
