Superficial and deep back lecture Flashcards
What is a functional difference between superficial back muscles and deep back muscles?
Superficial back muscles act on upper limbs, and deep back muscles act on vertebral column (i.e. keep spine erect despite weight of internal organs)
How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column? How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal?
What are the two type of joints in the vertebral column that allow for stability and some movement? Which allows for the most movement?
Synovial (diarthroidal) and cartilaginous joints. Synovial joints most moveable
What is this?
Articulation between superior and inferior articulating processes of vertebrae in a synovial joint (facet joint)
What is this? What does it do?
What herniates when you have a herniated disk?
The nucleus pulposus
What is the only remnant of the notochord in adults?
Nucleus pulposus
Why does a herniated disk cause radicular pain?
Because it presses on a true spinal root
What is a sciatica?
What does L5 radiculopathy cause?
weak dorsiflexion (moving foot up toward shin) of foot and toes
What does S1 radiculopathy cause?
depressed anke reflex and weakness of plantar flexion of foot
plantar flexion is a movement in which the top of your foot points away from your leg. You use plantar flexion whenever you stand on the tip of your toes or point your toes.
In regards to the dermatome map, where do lumbar levels cover?
the front of the thighs
In regards to the dermatome map, where do sacral levels go?
The back of the thigh
Atlas = ?
c1 vertebra
axis = ?
c2 vertebra
What motion uses this joint?
Nodding of the head to indicate yes occurs at this joint
What movement of the head uses this joint?
What does this ligament check?
What does it get renamed at the cranio-vertebral joints? between c1 and c2?
as it attaches to the skull?
The extension of the vertebral column
gets renamed the anterior atlanto-axial ligament between c1 and c2
anterior antlanto occipital ligament as it attachs to the skull
What is this? What does it check?
What is it renamed at the c2 vertebra?
What is this?
What does ligamentum flavum check? what does it connect?
At what level does intervertebral disc herniation usually occur? Describe the anatomy of this condition in relation to ligaments of the vertebral column
Usually occurs in neck and lumbar region. Herniated disk usually goes to the posterior, because the posterior longitudinal ligament is thinner
What is a laminectomy and why might it need be performed?
It is when you remove the lamina of one or more vertibrae, usually to relieve pressure on nerves
What is a hangman’s fracture?
What is the purple? What does it check?
Interspinous ligmanemt. Checks flexion of verterbal column
What is the yellow? What does it connect? what does it check?
What is lumbar spinal puncture and why is it importnat?
Stick a syringe in cerebrospinal fluid and administer medication or withdraw CSF
What are extrinsic muscles of the back in terms of where they attach?
Means muscle belly is in the back, but doesnt attach to bony part of back. Instead it attaches to some part of the upper limb, or the pectoral girdle that helps move upper limbs.
What are the extrinsic muscles of the back?
Trapezius, latissimus Dorsi, Levator scapulae, Rhomoid major and minor
What is the intermediate group? What does it do?
assists in holding the deep back muscles in place and are accessory muscles of respiration
serratus posterior superior and inferior
What muscle is this? What are its actions?
What is the somatic motor innervation of trapezius? What is the blood supply?
What muscle is this? What are its actions?
What is the innervation and blood supply of latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal nerve and artery
What muscle is this? What action does it perform?
What nerve and artery?
Levator scapulae, elevates scapula.
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (c5)
blood supply: dorsal scular artery
What muscles are these? What action do they perform?
They retract scapula, pull shoulder blades back together
What muscles are these? What are their actions?
Play accessory role in respiration
What is this? Why is it special?
Triangle of auscultation, special because allows lung sounds to be heard clearly because no muscle interves between skin and rib cage
What is this? Why is it important?
Lumbar triangle of Petit
Area of potential weakness, things from inside can herneate out. Site for hernias of retroperitoneal contents through posterior abdominal wall
What do deep muscles act to do?
Act to maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column (flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation)
What are deep muscles deep to?
Deep to nucal ligament, and thoracombar fascia
What are these structures?
What type of muscles are these? What are each called?
Spinotransverse muscles
What are these muscles.
What are their actions?
Helpful way to remember: I like spaghetti, from lateral to medial
Actions:unilateral contraction yields lateral felxion
bilateral contraction yields extension
What big muscle does Iliocastalis, longissimus, and spinalis split out from, as you move up the back?
Erector spinae
Spinotransverse (splenius) vs transversospinal….whats the difference in terms of what they do?
Spinotransverse: start on spinal processes, and go out to transverse processes, or the skulls equivalent
Transversospinal: Start on transverse processes and angle in to attach to a spinous process (pictured below)
3 different types of transversospinal muscles. Each span how many vertebrae?
What is this?
What do the greater occupital nerves pierce through wothout innervating? What do they provide?
The semispinalis capitus. They provide sensory innervation to the skin on the back of the head
capitis means what?
head
cervices means what?
neck
What is this?
All the deep back muscle action can be summarized as what?
Lateral flexion if they contract on one side, bilateral contraction they will extend
What is the blue? Whats its action?
rotators, action is to rotate spine
What are all the deep back muscles innervated by, generally?
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves (contain both sensory and motor fibers, and post ganglionic sympathetics, because we have sweat glands)
What are the extrinsic back muscles innervated by, generally? Whats the exception?
Ventral (anterior) rami
Exception: trapezius is innervated by cranial nerve XI
What is this? What travels through it? Why is it important?
Has vertebral artery that travels through it (important for supplying the brain blood.)
Floor of suboccipital traingle is formed by what? (2 things)
Posterior arch of c1 vertebra and posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
What is the red? Also, what does the nerve here do?
Suboccipital nerve (C1 dorsal ramus), motor and helps to innervate muscles in suboccipital triangle
