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Superficial and Deep Back Flashcards

1
Q

Supraspinous Ligament

A

Connects tips of adjacent spinous processes

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2
Q

Ligamentum Nuchae

A

Nuchal Ligament, connects tips of spinous processes at cervical levels.

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3
Q

Extrinsic Superficial Muscles

A

Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major and Minor

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4
Q

Extrinsic Intermediate Muscles

A

Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior

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5
Q

Proximal Attachments of Trapezius

A

Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12

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6
Q

Distal Attachments of Trapezius

A

Clavicle, acromion, scapular spine

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7
Q

Actions of Trapezius

A

Elevation, rotation, depression, of scapula; rotation of glenoid fossa superiorly.

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8
Q

Innervation of Trapezius

A

Cranial Nerve XI, Spinal Accessory Nerve

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9
Q

Blood Supply of Trapezius

A

Transverse Cervical Artery

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10
Q

Proximal Attachments of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Spinous processes T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest

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11
Q

Distal Attachments of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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12
Q

Actions of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Extension, adduction, medial/internal rotation of humerus; lifts body toward arm in climbing

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13
Q

Levator Scapulae Proximal Attachment

A

Transverse Processes, C1-C4

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14
Q

Levator Scapulae Distal Attachments

A

Superior angle of scapula

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15
Q

Levator Scapulae Innervation

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

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16
Q

Levator Scapulae Blood Supply

A

Dorsal Scapular Artery

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17
Q

Rhomboid Minor Proximal Attachments

A

Nuchal Ligament, Spinous processes of C7 and T1

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18
Q

Rhomboid Major Proximal Attachments

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5

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19
Q

Distal attachment of Rhomboid Major

A

Medial border of scapula below spine

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20
Q

Distal attachment of Rhomboid Minor

A

Medial border of scapular above spine

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21
Q

Action of Serratus Posterior Superior

A

Elevation of Ribs

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22
Q

Action of Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Depression of Ribs

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23
Q

Border of Triangle of Auscultation

A

Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Scapula

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24
Q

Border of Lumbar Triangle of Petit

A

Latissimus Dorsi, External Obliques, Iliac Crest

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25
Q

Spinotransverse Muscles

A

Splenius Capitus and Splenius Cervicis

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26
Q

Action of Spinotransverse muscles

A

Unilateral produces lateral flexion of neck and rotation of head to side of contraction. Bilateral produces head and neck extension.

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27
Q

Erector Spinae Muscles

A

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

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28
Q

Action of Erector Spinae Muscles

A

Unilateral contraction produces lateral flexion, bilateral contraction produces extension.

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29
Q

Transverso-Spinal Muscles

A

Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotators

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30
Q

Semispinalis

A

Spans 4-6 vertebrae, most developed in cervical, attaches to C2

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31
Q

Multifidus

A

Spans 2-4 vertebrae, most developed in lumbar. Deep to erector spina muscle mass

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32
Q

Rotators

A

Spans 1-2 vertebrae, most developed in thoracic region.

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33
Q

Action of semispinalis

A

extension of vertebral column (semispinalis cervicis) and head (semispinalis captius)

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34
Q

Action of Multifidus

A

Unilateral contraction rotates to contralateral side; stabilizes vertebrae

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35
Q

Action of Rotators

A

Extension and rotation of vertebral column

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36
Q

Innervation of intrinsic back muscles

A

Dorsal/Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

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37
Q

Innervation of extrinsic back muscles

A

Ventral/Anterior rami of Spinal Nerves

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38
Q

Borders of suboccipital triangle

A

rectus capitus posterior major, obliquus captius superior, obliquus capitus inferior.

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39
Q

Floor of suboccipital triangle

A

Formed by posterior arch of C1 and posterior atlanto occipital membrane

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40
Q

Vertebral Artery

A

Contained in suboccipital triangle. Also contains suboccipital nerve

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41
Q

What are the 8 wrist bones?

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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42
Q

Primary arterial supply of upper limb

A

Subclavian artery

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43
Q

Branch of subclavian artery that supplies muscles of scapula via suprascapular and transverse cervical arteries

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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44
Q

What does the subclavian artery become after crossing the lateral body of the first rib?

A

Axillary Artery

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45
Q

What does the axillary artery become when it crosses the lower border of teres major?

A

Brachial artery

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46
Q

What does the brachial artery give rise to?

A

Deep brachial artery, superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries

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47
Q

What does the brachial artery split into? Where does it split?

A

Anterior to the elbow the brachial artery becomes the radial and ulnar arteries.

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48
Q

What joins the basilic and cephalic veins?

A

Median cubital vein

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49
Q

Innervation of pectoralis major?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

50
Q

Action of pectoralis major

A

Adducts medically rotates humerus, flexes humerus

51
Q

Innervation of pectoralis minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve

52
Q

Action of pectoralis minor

A

Protracts, depresses, and stabilizes scapula.

53
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

54
Q

Action of serratus anterior

A

Protracts scapula, rotates scapula laterally/upward

55
Q

Innervation of subclavius

A

Nerve to subclavius

56
Q

Action of subclavius

A

Anchors and depresses clavicle

57
Q

Innervation of deltoid

A

Axillary nerve

58
Q

Action of deltoid

A

Flexes and medially rotates arm, abducts arm, extends and laterally rotates arm.

59
Q

Innervation of teres major

A

Lower subscapular nerve

60
Q

Action of teres major

A

Adducts and medially rotates arm

61
Q

Innervation of supraspinatus muscle

A

Suprascapular nerve

62
Q

Action of supraspinatus

A

Initiates and assists deltoid in arm abduction

63
Q

Innervation of infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

64
Q

Action of infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation of arm

65
Q

Innervation of teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

66
Q

Action of teres minor

A

Lateral rotation of arm

67
Q

Innervation of subscapularis

A

Upper and lower scapular nerves

68
Q

Action of subscapularis

A

Medially rotates and adducts arm

69
Q

Contents of quadrangular space

A

Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery/vein

70
Q

What composes the pectoral girdle?

A

Scapula, clavicle, Manubrium

71
Q

What bones are in the antebrachium and what connects them?

A

Radius and ulna connected by the interosseous membrane

72
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

73
Q

How many phalanges per hand?

74
Q

define intermuscular septum

A

Fascia surrounds large arms muscles. Septum divides it into anterior and posterior compartments.

75
Q

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

When it crosses the lateral border of the first rib

76
Q

When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

When it crosses the lower border of teres major

77
Q

What are vena comitantes?

A

Deep veins that travel alongside an artery in the upper limb. They are named for the artery.

78
Q

Where do superficial veins in the upper limb originate?

A

The dorsal venous network

79
Q

Where do deep lymphatics terminate?

A

Humeral (lateral) axillary lymph nodes

80
Q

Movements of the pectoral girdle

A

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, lateral rotation, medial rotation

81
Q

Anterior thoraco-appendicular muscles

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

82
Q

Posterior thoraco-appendicular muscles

A

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor

83
Q

Proximal attachment of pectoralis major

84
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Pectoralis major and minor

85
Q

What does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Pectoralis major

86
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

The serratus anterior

87
Q

Scapulo-humeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles

A

Deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff

88
Q

What are the borders of the quadrangular space

A

Inferior: teres major
Superior: teres minor
Lateral: surgical neck of humerus
Medial: long head of triceps brachii

89
Q

Contents of quadrangular space

A

Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humoral artery/vein

90
Q

What are the 4 regions of the upper limb?

A

Shoulder (pectoral girdle), arm, forearm, hand

91
Q

What is the medial and lateral intermuscular septae

A

Part of brachial fascia that extends deep to attach to humerus and compartmentalize the arm.

92
Q

What is the flexor and extensor retinaculum?

A

A thickened part of antebrachial fascia that is attaches anterior and posteriorly at the wrist

93
Q

What are the two types of innervation that occur in the upper limb?

A

Segmental innervation by spinal nerves, and multi segmental innervation by peripheral nerves from the brachial plexus.

94
Q

What muscles elevate the pectoral girdle?

A

Levator scapulae and trapezius

95
Q

What muscles depress the pectoral girdle?

A

Pectoralis minor and trapezius

96
Q

What muscles protract the pectoral girdle?

A

Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

97
Q

What muscles retract the pectoral girdle?

A

Trapezius, Rhomboid major and minor

98
Q

What muscles laterally rotate the pectoral girdle?

A

Serratus anterior and trapezius

99
Q

What muscles medially rotate the pectoral girdle?

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboid major and rhomboid minor

100
Q

Proximal attachments of pectoralis major

A

Clavicle head, medial clavicle, sternocostal head, sternum, upper costal cartilage

101
Q

Distal attachments of pectoralis major

A

Lateral lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

102
Q

Proximal attachments of pectoralis minor

103
Q

Distal attachments of pectoralis minor

A

Coracoid process of scapula

104
Q

Proximal attachments of serratus anterior

105
Q

Distal attachments of serratus anterior

A

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

106
Q

Proximal attachments of subclavius

A

Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

107
Q

Distal attachments of subclavius

A

Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

108
Q

Scapulo-humeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles

A

Deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff (supra, infra, subclav, and t. Minor)

109
Q

Proximal attachments of deltoid

A

Lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

110
Q

Distal attachments of deltoid

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

111
Q

Proximal attachments of teres major

A

Inferior angle of scapula

112
Q

Distal attachment of teres major

A

Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

113
Q

Proximal attachments of supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

114
Q

Distal attachment of supraspinatus

A

Great tubercle of humerus

115
Q

Proximal attachment of infraspinatus

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

116
Q

Distal attachments of infraspinatus

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

117
Q

Proximal attachments of teres minor

A

Lateral border of scapula

118
Q

Distal attachment of teres minor

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

119
Q

Proximal attachment of subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa of scapula

120
Q

Distal attachment of subscapularis

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

121
Q

What muscle is interested on its superficial surface and by what?

A

Serratus anterior by the long thoracic nerve

122
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the rotator cuff?

A

Infraspinatus and teres minor

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