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Islamic law > Sunnah > Flashcards

Sunnah Flashcards

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1
Q

Literal meaning of Sunnah

A

downtrodden path

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2
Q

What is the Sunnah

A

Compilation of the teachings, actions and practices approved by Prophet Muhammad concerning religious, non-legal and legal matters

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3
Q

Purpose of the Sunnah

A
  1. Supplement the AQ
  2. Help legal scholars attain a better and more complete understanding of the AQ
  3. Provides source of help for legal scholars if they encounter difficulties while deriving hukm from the AQ
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4
Q

Proofs of Sunnah

A
  • AQ 4:59
  • Hadith – “I hv left 2 things among you. You shall not go astray as long as you hold on to them: the Book of Allah & my Sunnah”
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5
Q

Importance of Sunnah

A
  1. Lay down rules that reiterate and re-emphasize the rules of the AQ
  2. Formulate rules that explain and provide elaboration for a particular legal ruling of the AQ
  3. Narrow down scope of a particular rule of the AQ by providing specific details or adding restrictions
  4. Lay down original legal rulings when the AQ is silent
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6
Q

Why reiterate and re-emphasize the AQ?

Importance of Sunnah

A

Purpose is to affirm particular rule in the AQ is genuine and legally valid
* Example - AQ 4:29
* Means that unlawfully taking someone’s property is an offence
* Hadith affirms this rule by reiterating that taking someone’s property without express permission is unlawful

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7
Q

Why explain and provide legal elaboration for the AQ?

Importance of Sunnah

A

AQ 2:110 - Means that Muslims are obligated to pray regularly and are highly encouraged to donate to charity
Hadith explains further
* Muslims are also obligated to copy how Prophet Muhammad prays
* Maximum amount of charity or zakat is approximately around 3 kilograms of kurma

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8
Q

Why narrow down scope of legal rule of AQ by adding restrictions or details?

A

Ensure previously unqualified Quranic verse can be qualified as source of law
* AQ 5:3 - Muslims are forbidden from eating the bodies of already dead animals
* But Hadith states it is permissible to eat sea or freshwater animals that did not die of ritual slaughter

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9
Q

Why lay down rules when AQ is silent?

A

Introduce rules on matters not covered by the AQ
* Hadith - Prophet Muhammad once said: “One cannot be married to a woman and her paternal aunt, or a woman along with her maternal aunt at the same time”

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10
Q

Types of classifications

A
  1. Nature (Ahkam)
  2. Chain of transmission
  3. Reliability of narrators
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11
Q

Nature (Ahkam)

A
  1. Sunnah Qauliyah
  2. Sunnah Fi’liyah
  3. Sunnah Taqririyah
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12
Q

Sunnah Qauliyah

Nature

A

All sayings of PM

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13
Q

Sunnah Fi’liyah

A
  • All deeds and actions of PM that Muslims are bound to follow
  • Praying, fasting, pilgrimage to Mecca
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14
Q

Sunnah Taqririyah (Tacit Sunnah

A
  • Practices during PM’s lifetime that receive his tacit approval
  • PM’s silence and lack of objection confirms validity of certain acts
  • Example – PM did not oppose the Companions’ consumption of dhab or desert iguana
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15
Q

Why classifications based on chain of transmission and reliability of narrators are important?

A

helps determine the authenticity of the Sunnah

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16
Q

Broad categories (chain of transmission)

A
  1. Continuous (Hadith Muttasil)
  2. Discontinuous (Hadith Ghayr Muttasil) – Broken and incomplete chain of transmission
17
Q

Types of continuous Hadith

A
  1. Hadith Mutawatir
  2. Hadith Masyhur
  3. Hadith Ahad
18
Q

Hadith Mutawatir

A
  • Most authentic Hadith
  • Reported by an indefinite number of people throughout the generations starting from the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad
  • So many people would not have agreed unanimously on something that is not true
19
Q

Hadith Masyhur

A
  • Initially reported by less than 5 Companions
  • Later was reported by an indefinite number of people when it became famous
20
Q

Hadith Ahad

A
  • Reported only by a single person
  • But this type cannot be rejected unless there is evidence throwing its authenticity into question
21
Q

Types of discontinuous Hadith

A
  1. Hadith Mursal
  2. Hadith Muallaq
  3. Hadith Mun’qati
22
Q

Hadith Mursal

Type of discontinuous Hadith

A
  • Chain of transmission that does not extend beyond the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad
  • Chain broke during the second generation after it was reported by a Companion
23
Q

Hadith Muallaq

Type of discontinuous Hadith

A

At least one narrator missing from its chain of transmission

24
Q

Hadith Mun’qati

Type of discontinuous Hadith

A
  • Chain of transmission was already broken during Prophet Muhammad’s lifetime
  • A Companion failed to transmit this particular Hadith to a successor
25
Q

Hadith Sahih

Reliability of narrators

A

Most complete chain of transmission
Reported by narrators who are
1. Upright
1. Have the most reliable memories
1. Their narration is clear and free from defects

26
Q

Hadith Hasan

Reliability of narrators

A

Reliability of narration falls between sahih and dhaif
* Narrators are not most reliable
* Even though they are truthful and their memory acceptable

27
Q

Hadith Dhaif

Reliability of narrators

A
  • Weakest and least reliable Hadith
  • Narrators were people with bad memories or untrustworthy reputations

Islamic law (10 decks)

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