Sunderlin et al (2005) Flashcards
Sunderlin et al
2005
2005
Sunderlin et al
World Bank, 2001
2.8 billion people live on less than $2 a day
Who stated that 2.8 billion people live on less than $2 a day
World Bank, 2001
Brosius, 1997; and Poor 1986
Disappearance of natural forests in developing countries negatively affects the livelihoods of people dependent on forest products and services
Who states that the disappearance of natural forests in developing countries negatively affects the livelihoods of people dependent on forest products and services
Brosius, 1997; and Poor 1986
What should be considered together
Poverty and loss of forests
Who receives the impacts of climate change the most
Developing countries, and the poor within these
What tend to occupy the same spaces
Rural poverty and natural forests
World Bank 2003
World bank (2003) found that a large amount of poor people live on ‘fragile’ lands including slopes, arid zones, and forest ecosystems
Who found that a large amount of poor people live on ‘fragile’ lands including slopes, arid zones, and forest ecosystems
World Bank 2003
How many people live in forested areas
240 million people (World Bank, 2003)
What does the World Bank (2003) consider forests as
Environmentally fragile lands
Why do poor people live in forested areas
Because they live on areas that are relatively untouched by rapidly changing socioeconomic systems
Who can depend on forests
Some traditional/indigenous people
What are forests a refuge for
The powerless and the poor
Why is it easy for people to survive in forests and make a livelihood
Easy access to most forests
What does the easy access to most forests mean
It makes it easier for people to survive there and form livelihoods
ways forests can be used
hunting, gathering, cultivation, agriculture
What are the 3 categories of forest-dependent people
- Traditinal/indigenous
- Non traditional but have long lived there
- People who have been displaced and migrated to forests
Power of people who live in or near forests
They tend to be politically weak or powerless
What reinforces the political weakness of forest-dependent people
Their geographical distance from urban centres. in these centres political alliances favour forest conservation
Wunder (2001)
Bringing together forest conservation and policy is unlikley
Who argues that bringing together forest conservation and policy is unlikely
Wunder (2001)
What has happened over the last several decades
Incomes have risen and forests have declined
What is one method to achieve both poverty reduction and forest conservation
To focus on economic growth as this would reduce poverty, and then over time forest conservation will take place (this has happened in wealthy countries)
Forest conservation in wealthy countries
Since 1950 agricultural intensification in Europe and North America has re-conserved 16 million ha of farmlands to forests
What shouldn’t we assume
That less developed countries should follow in the footsteps of more developed ones
What solution does this paper argue for
Site-level programs and projects
What do people need to understand
People need to understand all positive and negative outcomes in terms of forest cover and human well-being
