Sunderlin et al (2005)

Question 1

Sunderlin et al

Answer 1

2005

Question 2

2005

Answer 2

Sunderlin et al

Question 3

World Bank, 2001

Answer 3

2.8 billion people live on less than $2 a day

Question 4

Who stated that 2.8 billion people live on less than $2 a day

Answer 4

World Bank, 2001

Question 5

Brosius, 1997; and Poor 1986

Answer 5

Disappearance of natural forests in developing countries negatively affects the livelihoods of people dependent on forest products and services

Question 6

Who states that the disappearance of natural forests in developing countries negatively affects the livelihoods of people dependent on forest products and services

Answer 6

Brosius, 1997; and Poor 1986

Question 7

What should be considered together

Answer 7

Poverty and loss of forests

Question 8

Who receives the impacts of climate change the most

Answer 8

Developing countries, and the poor within these

Question 9

What tend to occupy the same spaces

Answer 9

Rural poverty and natural forests

Question 10

World Bank 2003

Answer 10

World bank (2003) found that a large amount of poor people live on ‘fragile’ lands including slopes, arid zones, and forest ecosystems

Question 11

Who found that a large amount of poor people live on ‘fragile’ lands including slopes, arid zones, and forest ecosystems

Answer 11

World Bank 2003

Question 12

How many people live in forested areas

Answer 12

240 million people (World Bank, 2003)

Question 13

What does the World Bank (2003) consider forests as

Answer 13

Environmentally fragile lands

Question 14

Why do poor people live in forested areas

Answer 14

Because they live on areas that are relatively untouched by rapidly changing socioeconomic systems

Question 15

Who can depend on forests

Answer 15

Some traditional/indigenous people

Question 16

What are forests a refuge for

Answer 16

The powerless and the poor

Question 17

Why is it easy for people to survive in forests and make a livelihood

Answer 17

Easy access to most forests

Question 18

What does the easy access to most forests mean

Answer 18

It makes it easier for people to survive there and form livelihoods

Question 19

ways forests can be used

Answer 19

hunting, gathering, cultivation, agriculture

Question 20

What are the 3 categories of forest-dependent people

Answer 20

• Traditinal/indigenous
• Non traditional but have long lived there
• People who have been displaced and migrated to forests

Question 21

Power of people who live in or near forests

Answer 21

They tend to be politically weak or powerless

Question 22

What reinforces the political weakness of forest-dependent people

Answer 22

Their geographical distance from urban centres. in these centres political alliances favour forest conservation

Question 23

Wunder (2001)

Answer 23

Bringing together forest conservation and policy is unlikley

Question 24

Who argues that bringing together forest conservation and policy is unlikely

Answer 24

Wunder (2001)

Question 25

What has happened over the last several decades

Answer 25

Incomes have risen and forests have declined

Question 26

What is one method to achieve both poverty reduction and forest conservation

Answer 26

To focus on economic growth as this would reduce poverty, and then over time forest conservation will take place (this has happened in wealthy countries)

Question 27

Forest conservation in wealthy countries

Answer 27

Since 1950 agricultural intensification in Europe and North America has re-conserved 16 million ha of farmlands to forests

Question 28

What shouldn’t we assume

Answer 28

That less developed countries should follow in the footsteps of more developed ones

Question 29

What solution does this paper argue for

Answer 29

Site-level programs and projects

Question 30

What do people need to understand

Answer 30

People need to understand all positive and negative outcomes in terms of forest cover and human well-being