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Space Unit Study > Sun and Stars > Flashcards

Sun and Stars Flashcards

1
Q

Universe

A

All of space and everything in it.

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2
Q

Solar System

A

Our sun and everything that orbits it.

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3
Q

What are the names of the eight planets?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

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4
Q

Galaxy

A

A system of stars, planets, dust, gas and other objects held together by gravity.

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5
Q

Milky Way

A

Our galaxy.

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6
Q

What shape is the Milky Way?

A

A barred spiral shape.

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7
Q

Is there sound in space? Why or why not?

A

No, because sound travels through air and there is no air in space.

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8
Q

Why is space dark?

A

We can only see light when it bounces off of something. In space there are not many things for light to bounce off of.

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9
Q

Why is our galaxy called the Milky Way

A

It looks milky in the night sky.

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10
Q

How big is the Milky Way compared to other galaxies

A

It is a medium sized galaxy.

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11
Q

How many stars are in the Milky Way

A

100-400 billion

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12
Q

What do scientists think is in the center of the Milky Way?

A

A black hole.

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13
Q

Have any man made objects left our solar system?

A

Yes. The Voyager 1 and Voyager 2

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14
Q

Does the Milky Way sit still?

A

No. It is constantly rotating.

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15
Q

Telescope

A

A device that collects light from far away objects and provides a magnified image.

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16
Q

Aperture

A

The opening on the end of a telescope that light enters.

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17
Q

How does the size of aperture affect the image

A

A bigger aperture makes a sharper image.

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18
Q

Refracting Telescope

A

Uses a lens to collect and focus light.

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19
Q

Reflecting Telescope

A

Uses a curved mirror to collect light

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20
Q

Compound telescope

A

Uses both mirrors and lenses to collect light.

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21
Q

How does Earths atmosphere affect the pictures of telescopes?

A

Heat causes turbulent air that distorts light causing images to be blurry.

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22
Q

What other types of telescopes are there?

A

Infrared, x-ray, radio waves

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23
Q

What is a star?

A

A huge fiery ball of gas.

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24
Q

What is the closest star to us?

A

Our sun.

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25
Q

How far away is the sun?

A

93 million milles.

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26
Q

How are stars formed?

A

Gravity pulls gas and dust together. As it becomes more compressed friction causes the ball to heat up until it undergoes nuclear reaction.

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27
Q

Luminosity

A

A measure of how bright a star is.

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28
Q

What factors affect how bright a star looks from Earth?

A

How far away it is, how big it is, how hot it is.

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29
Q

Where is the worlds largest astronomical observatory?

A

Mauna Kea in Hawaii

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30
Q

Why are stars different colors?

A

They are different temperature.

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31
Q

Hotter stars are what color?

A

Blue and white.

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32
Q

Cooler stars are what color?

A

Red and yellow.

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33
Q

What are the big stars called?

A

Giants

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34
Q

What are the smaller stars called?

A

Dwarfs.

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35
Q

What type of star is our sun?

A

A medium sized yellow star.

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36
Q

Some supergiant stars are as big as?

A

Our entire solar system.

37
Q

Why do stars twinkle?

A

Because their light has to pass through many layers of our atmosphere and other things in the universe to get to us.

38
Q

What other objects in the sky appear to be stars?

A

Planets and satellites.

39
Q

When do stars die?

A

When they burn up all of their fuel.

40
Q

How is a stars size related to how long it lives?

A

Large stars burn their fuel faster and smaller stars burn it slower.

41
Q

As a star burns all of its fuel it will expand and cool into a?

A

Red Giant

42
Q

A red giant will either turn into a ___________ or a __________ depending on its size.

A

White dwarf or supernova.

43
Q

Supernova

A

A huge explosion at the end of a stars life.

44
Q

A supernova will turn into a __________ or a __________.

A

Black hole or a neutron star.

45
Q

Neutron Star

A

A small dense fast rotating star.

46
Q

Why are neutron stars sometimes called pulsars?

A

The rapid rotation of a neutron star sweeps
the magnetic fields of its poles across space like a
lighthouse, creating a radio wave pulsing effect.

47
Q

Constellation

A

A group of stars that make a picture.

48
Q

Exoplanet

A

Planets that do not orbit our sun.

49
Q

Exo means what in Greek?

A

Outside.

50
Q

Chthonian [THON-ee-un]

A

The baked rocky core of a gas planet whos atmosphere was blown away by being too close to its star.

51
Q

Goldilocks planet

A

A planet that is within it’s suns “habitable” zone.

52
Q

Orbit

A

The path followed by an object around another object. Caused by gravity.

53
Q

How fast do you have to go to achieve orbit around the Earth?

A

Five miles per second.

54
Q

What shape are orbits?

A

Elliptical

55
Q

What do we call the time it takes for a planet to travel around its star?

A

A planetary year.

56
Q

How does a planets distance from the sun affect it’s orbit?

A

The closer a planet is to the sun the faster it moves and the shorter distance it has to travel to go around the sun.

57
Q

What three conditions have scientists decided make a planet a planet?

A

It must be a natural celestial body that orbits a sun.
It must have enough mass and gravity to make itself round.
It must have enough mass and gravity to clear objects out of its orbital path.

58
Q

Mass

A

How much matter is in an object.

59
Q

The sun is so large it contains _____ % of the solar systems mass.

A

99.8%

60
Q

Why doesn’t the suns gravity pull the planets into it?

A

The planets all have forward motion that keep them in orbit.

61
Q

How does a planets closeness to the sun affect it’s tempature

A

Planets closer to the sun are hotter. Planets farther away are colder.

62
Q

Asteroid

A

A small celestial body made of rock, metal or ice.

63
Q

Astronomer

A

A scientist that studies stars and planets.

64
Q

Atmosphere

A

Gasses that surround a planet.

65
Q

Atom

A

One of the basic units of matter.

66
Q

Carbon

A

A nonmetallic chemical element.

67
Q

Comet

A

A small body made of dirt and ice that orbits the sun.

68
Q

Core

A

Center part of the inside of a planet or star.

69
Q

Coronal Mass Ejection

A

When large amounts of material from the suns corona erupts into space.

70
Q

Electron

A

A negatively charged particle that forms part of an atom.

71
Q

Gravity

A

The pull of an object on other objects.

72
Q

Helium

A

The second most abundant chemical element in the universe.

73
Q

Hydrogen

A

The most abundant chemical element in the universe.

74
Q

Ion

A

An atom or a group of atoms that has an electric charge.

75
Q

Kelvin

A

A metric unit to measure temperature.

76
Q

Light-year

A

The distance that light travels in one year.

77
Q

How far is a light-year?

A

5.8 trillion miles

78
Q

Magnetic Field

A

The space around a magnetized object where its power of attraction works.

79
Q

Main-sequence Phase

A

Stage in a stars life where it gets all of its energy from hydrogen fusion reactions in its core.

80
Q

Matter

A

The material of which all objects are made.

81
Q

Molecule

A

The basic units of matter.

82
Q

Nuclear Fusion Reaction

A

Process by which two atomic nuclei join to create a new, larger nucleus.

83
Q

Plasma

A

A form of matter, similar to gas made up of positively charged ions and electrons.

84
Q

Probe

A

An unpiloted device sent to explore space.

85
Q

Radiation

A

Energy given off in the form of waves or small particles of matter.

86
Q

Radius

A

A line going from the center to the outside of a circle or sphere.

87
Q

Satellite

A

An object that orbits a body.

88
Q

Solar Flare

A

A sudden bightening of a part of

Space Unit Study (1 decks)

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