Sumnaries Flashcards
1
Q
What is community policing
A
Policing policy that focuses on general neighborhood problems as a source of crime; it’s preventative, proactive, and info-based
2
Q
SARA 4-step model
A
Scanning- instead of broad law related concepts like robbery, officers group individual related incidents. I.e robbery maybe prostitution related
Analysis- officers collect info from community and private sources, not just police records, goal is to understand the scope, nature, cause of problem and come up with options for solution
Response- knowledge gained used to develop/implement solutions
Assessment- evaluate impact/effectiveness of responses. Were problems resolved?
3
Q
Evidence based policing
A
Uses best available research to guide, manage, and evaluate police ops in community
4
Q
Hot spot policing
A
Geographic approach to crime-fighting focused on analysis of places and times and deploying ofcs to that location that account for majority of calls for service/crime
5
Q
Intelligence led policing
A
From 9/11, focuses on offenders not crime incidents, using intell analysis to prevent crime
6
Q
Predictive policing
A
Proactive style that uses info and analytics to prevent crime using fewest police services
7
Q
Perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral disturbances from deadly shooting
A
Sensory-Tunnel vision-typically suspect gun, blocking everything else out
Helplessness-during shooting exchange
Disturbances in memory-1/2 recall incident
8
Q
What is the first stage in general adaptation syndrome(gas)
A
Alarm stage- fight or flight
9
Q
Distress that often results from officers being exposed routinely to traumatic events over an extended period of time
A
Cumulative career stress
10
Q
Used to assist police in objectively assessing the potential dangers to a victims of domestic violence
A
Domestic violence lethality assessment form
11
Q
Programs made available by employers to help employees having personal or occupational difficulties
A
Employee assistance programs (EAPs)
12
Q
The point in general adaption syndrome when resistance can no longer be maintained and body defense against stress break down
A
Exhaustion stage
13
Q
The biological and physiological reactions caused by stress that may eventually incapacitate an individual
A
General adaptation syndrome (gas)
14
Q
A psychological reaction that occurs after experiencing a highly stressful event outside the range of normal human experience
A
Posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd)
15
Q
The second step in general adaptation syndrome exemplified by specific responses to continued stress by the body in order to optimize adaptation
A
Resistance stage
16
Q
Anything that places an adjustive demand on the organism
A
Stress
17
Q
Activities that help eliminate or reduce stress
A
Stress inoculation activities
18
Q
The personality type characterized by an intense and ambitious mindset which puts the person under constant stress and physiological strain
A
Type A
19
Q
The personality type characterized by a more easygoing state of mind than type A
A
Type B
20
Q
Personality type characterized as non emotional non assertive quiet and introspective but actually frustrated and suppress anger
A
Type c
21
Q
Personality type characterized as pessimistic and socially withdrawn and as a result fears rejection
A
Type D
22
Q
Personality type similar to type A and can result in serious physical and psychological consequences
A
Workaholic personality
23
Q
A set of symptoms and signs that occur in a fairly regular pattern from patient to patient, under a given set of circumstances.
A
Syndrome
24
Q
Symptoms of ptsd
A
Anxiety, physiological arousal, irritability, avoidance and denial, intrusion, repetitive nightmares, impaired concentration and memory, sexual inhibition, withdrawn, impulsivity
25
A policy of law enforcement to correct history of imbalances in the hiring of personnel through the creation of specific policies or quotas to guide future hiring
Affirmative action
26
27
Targeting of specific locations, times, and offenders. Zero tolerance enforcement of selected activities within a target area
Aggressive patrol
28
The heart of SARA, examination of underlying causes of a particular problem prior to the selection of a response
Analysis
29
Final stage of SARA, the evaluation of whether or not the selected response achieved the desired outcomes of reducing or eliminating the problem
Assessment
30
Techniques utilized by police to outreach to and involve various sectors of the community in the maintenance of public safety
Community mobilization
31
Philosophy that promotes organizational strategies which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem solving to address immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues
Community oriented policing
32
Degree to which a community feels responsible for maintaining security
Community ownership
33
Department wide philosophy recognizing the need for partnership with the community and proactive problem solving efforts to combat the conditions of crime
Community policing
34
Collaboration of prosecutors with other government agencies in the proactive targeting and resolution of crime and quality of life
Community prosecution
35
A full continuum of services and strategies that are necessary including suppression, intervention, and prevention
Comprehensive plans
36
As disorder increases and quality of life decreases in an area more fear and crime occurs over time. Certain times of disorders generate more disorder unless they are quickly eliminated
Contagion proposition
37
Proactive use of tech, research, and triangulation data to analyze crime trends and patterns to develop strategy and make operational decisions
Crime analysis
38
Recognition that crime can be prevented through manipulation of guardianship, target vulnerability, and other location dynamics
Crime prevention through environmental design
39
Used to facilitate crime analysis and problem solving and displays displays 3 elements needed for crime to occur, victim offender and location
Crime triangle
40
Populations that are distinct and yet cross traditionally accepted racial and ethnic categories
Cross cultural populations
41
Difficulties with communication or interaction across groups caused by lack of understanding of another culture
Cultural barriers
42
Localization of decision making to a neighborhood level
Decentralization
43
Process of restructuring an organization to include less specialized functions and making line officers take on more of those responsibilities
Despecialization
44
Difference of people within a community
Diversity
45
Feeling of all parties in a partnership that they have equal input into the decisions and commitment of resources
Empowerment
46
Process of reducing layers of bureaucracy or ranks in an organization
Flattening
47
Tendency to explain criminal behavior in terms of internal factors such as race rather than external factors such as poverty
Fundamental attribution errors
48
Specific area within a community that have highest concentration of crime
Hot spots
49
Services provided to offenders after they committed a crime.
Intervention services
50
Identification of problems and sources of problems in local communities in order to establish a proactive policing strategy
Needs assessment
51
Preconceived ideas about groups of people that can provide basis for discrimination
Operating stereotype
52
Policing structure in which line officers are encouraged to be creative and resolve problems rather than following directives
Participatory management model
53
When community and organizations become eyes and ears of the police
Partnership
54
Preformed opinions about groups of individuals that may lead to racist attitudes within police
Predisposition
55
Overall incidence of a problem in an area
Prevalence
56
Attempt to stop a problem before future incidents occur
Preventive services
57
Act before problem occurs as preventative measure
Proactive
58
Collaborative identification of problems and their underlying causes rather than simply responding to incidents
Problem solving
59
Problem oriented policing
Proactive policing that focus on id of underlying causes of problems and selection of solutions to prevent it from happening again
60
Two or more incidents capable of doing harm where expectations of police and community to do something
Problems
61
Implementing a series of programs to gradually incorporate community policing into dept ops
Programmatic dimension
62
Encourages police to look at crime from a preventative standpoint and communities can take ownership and reject crime
Public he’s model
63
Bias against racial minorities resulting in being mistreated
Racism
64
Responding to an incident
Reactive
65
Larger number of risk factors influencing an individual the greater likelihood of criminal behavior
Resiliency theory
66
3rd component of Sara, strategy is selected based on what is causing the problem
Response
67
Predictor variables found to be associated with delinquent or criminal activity
Risk factors
68
In order for a crime to occur it must contain 3 elements
Motivated actor, absence of guardship, and a target
69
Common approach used by community policing agencies to identify and solve crimes. Scanning, analysis, response, and assessment
SARA
70
First part of Sara, clustering of incidents into meaningful problem units
Scanning
71
Study that shows 10% of offenders account for 55% of crime, 10% of victims account for 42% of all victims, and 10% of all locations account for 60% of calls for police
Series habitual offender criminal apprehension program
72
Influence of parents, families, peers, and communities in training individuals rules, customs with an aim to compel conformity
Socialization
73
Shift is foundation of dept structure as focus of the dept changed from one goal to another
Structural changes
74
Strategy selection model based on development of needs assessment that involves targeting of specific offenders and locations and margin them to services in the community
Suppression intervention prevention continuum
75
Particular neighborhood which problem occurs most often
Target area
76
Structure of policing consisting of assigned shift structures, increased officer discretion, team management, and despecialization
Team policing model
77
Officers work together from different units as a single unit to ensure linkage blindness is limited and needed resources are brought to bear on a problem
Teams
78
A self initiated voluntary process where police agencies review policies, training, etc against a specific set of state standards
Accreditation
79
POSDCORB represents what ceo functions
Planning, organizing, staffing,directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting
80
Supervisors forecast needs and problems then prepare plans to meet them
Planning
81
Plans consisting of a set of broad principles that guide personnel in the accomplishment of general organizational objectives
Policies
82
Plans providing specific guides to conduct and performance
Rules and regulations
83
No function of management is more important than
Coordination
84
Often called individual or military style is simplest and oldest form. Authority is direct line from top to bottom. Authority is definite and absolute
Line organization
85
Command system law enforcement uses to maintain command structure by vesting in authority in rank
Chain of command
86
Divides responsibility and authority among several specialist. Coordination and discipline is difficult due to multiple leaders
Functional organization
87
Principle requires that every employee be under the direct command of one superior officer
Unity of command
88
Number of subordinates who can be supervised effectively by one supervisor
Span of control
89
Process of committing an activity to another’s care. Decision making process goes to subordinate
Delegation
90
Principle that specifies that the head of an organization or unit within it should not find it necessary to act personally on each matter coming under their general jurisdiction
Exception principle
91
Medium through which work is accomplished by individuals or groups associated with each other in doing something
Organization
92
Art of influencing , directing, guiding, and controlling others in such a way as to obtain their willing obedience, confidence, respect, and loyal cooperation in the accomplishment of an objective
Leadership
93
Leader who makes decisions without allowing subordinates to participate, highly authoritative. When bold rapid action is required they succeed
Autocratic leader
94
Supervisors who lead democratically, seeking ideas and suggestions from their subordinates and allowing them to participate in decision making. Secure best results as leaders
Participative leaders
95
Leaders who exercise minimal control, seldom giving subordinates attention or help.
Laissez-fair leader
96
Leadership style that refers to when leader of organization must adjust their style to fit the developmental level of the followers. The leader changes style not follower
Situational leadership
97
Workers unable to and unwilling to try a task, high task behaviors low relationship. CPR
Telling (readiness style 1)
98
Worker unable to but willing to perform a task, high task behavior high relationship behavior
Selling (readiness style 2)
99
Workers capable but unwilling to do a task, low task behavior high relationship behavior.
Participating (readiness style 3)
100
Worker very capable and very willing , low is task and low in relationship behavior.
Delegating (readiness style 4)
101
Interplay among the amount of direction (task) amount of socio-emotional support (relationship) and readiness (maturity) is based off of what type of leadership
Situational leadership
102
Set of shared values, norms, and behaviors that form a way of life in an organization
Culture
103
Leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. Creates positive change in followers with end goal of developing them into leaders
Transformational leadership
104
Focuses on results, conforms to existing structure of the organization and measures success according to that of the organizations rewards and penalties. Maintains status quo
Transactional leadership
105
Application of incentives which encourage a certain positive pattern of behavior and attitude and contribute to the accomplishment of organizational objectives
Motivation
106
Most common failing of inexperienced supervisors is
Oversupervision
107
Civil rights violations
Title 42 section 1983
108
What are 6 Knowles theory assumptions
Self concept-adults want to be included in what is to be learned
Experience-life experiences as building blocks
Readiness to learn depends on need
Problem center focus- see/feel results of learning
Internal motivation-self esteem/satisfaction
Need to know why they need to learn something
109
Broad general statements about what is to be learned
Instructional goals
110
Brief clear specific statements of what students should know at the end of the course
Learning objectives
111
Learning objectives should be expressed as
Outcomes
112
5 step teaching instruction
Intro, presentation, review, application, test
113
ACID test during introduction phase of teaching include
Have I gained Attention, Curiosity,Interest, and Desire to learn
114
Simplify concepts to such an extent as to bring about distortion, misunderstanding, or error
Oversimplification
115
Condition of being without clear intentions, purpose, or direction
Aimlessness
116
State of being fully prepared or prompt willingness to learn
Readiness
117
Responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation
Principle of effect
118
The action of repeating something that is already said and done
Repetition
119
Principles of adult learning
Andragogy
120
Everyday verbal, nonverbal and environmental slights or insults that communicate hostile, negative messages
Mictoagressions
121
Fairness in the processes that resolve disputes and allocate resources. Treating people with respect, giving a voice, being neutral, and trustworthiness
Procedural justice
122
Anything that interferes with the communication process between a speaker and an audience
Noise
123
Barrier of effective communication that occurs when the person receiving the communication selectively hears certain parts of the message
Filtering
124
Response of the receiver to the sender of a message
Feedback
125
Direct communication flowing downward, using a direct order. Leader makes all decisions with little input from others
Autocratic communication
126
Method of communicating that permits the development of ideas and enables others to participate in decision making
Democratic communications
127
Method of communicating that provides for a minimum of contact and avoidance of leadership this allowing the employee to make decisions on their own
Free rein communication
128
4 D’s decision making
Delete it
Do it-if it takes less than 2 mins
Delegate it
Defer it
129
Basic feeling of inadequacy and insecurity
Inferior complex
130
Process of releasing and providing relief from strong, repressed emotions
Catharsis
131
Reverting back to a time in life of less stress where a person may act immature typically occurring during periods of stress
Regressive behavior
132
When a person behaves in an immature way in order to cope with a difficult situation
Fixation
133
Threshold level at which frustrations have different effects on behavior
Frustration tolerance
134
Instinctively seek pleasure to try to avoid pain in order to satisfy psychological needs
Pleasure-pain principle
135
Person accepts something they don’t like that they can’t easily change
Resignation
136
Mental diversion from reality of day to day living to the safety and comfort of fantasy
Escapism
137
Individuals attribute thoughts, feelings, and characteristics they find unacceptable in themselves to other other people
Projection
138
Person gives logical reason to justify or explain their behavior instead of the truth
Rationalization
139
Reverting to earlier less mature behavior instead of dealing with issues in an adult manner
Regression
140
Repetition of a response even if it’s not effective
Fixation
141
Condition characterized by a pathological pattern of alcohol use causing series impairment in social or occupational functioning
Alcohol dependency
142
ADIME
Analysis, Develop a Plan, Implement, Monitor, Evaluate
143
Counseling in which the supervisor stimulates individuals to discover their own problem and decide on a course of action to correct it
Nondirective or employee centered counseling
144
Mechanism of control that is gained by requiring that rules or orders be obeyed and punishing instances of willful misconduct
Discipline
145
Form of training and attitudinal conditioning used to correct deficiencies without invoking punishment
Positive discipline
146
Form of discipline that takes the form of punishment or chastisement
Negative discipline
147
Discipline should be given out swiftly, consistent, and impersonal
Hot stove concept
148
State of mind reflecting the degree to which an individual has confidence in the members of the organization
Morale
149
Existence of a sense of common endeavor and responsibility within the group
Espirt de corps
150
Public entities traditionally immune from civil liability resulting from wrongful acts by employees
Sovereign immunity
151
Doctrine imposes vicarious liability on the supervisor for the subordinate actions within the scope of performing their job
Respondent superior
152
Liability that supervisors bears for the actionable conduct of a subordinate
Vicarious liability
153
Comprehensive legislation intended to end discrimination
Civil rights act
154
Lack of care that demonstrates a reckless disregard for the safety of others
Gross negligence
155
Reckless disregard of the consequences of one’s acts or omissions
Deliberate indifference
156
Liability claim when an employer knew an employee was unqualified
Negligent retention
157
Framework for handling unusual occurrences of any kind.
Now, scene, future model
158
Organized and standardized on scene emergency management system specifically designed to manage people and resources and provide for the adoption of an integrated organizational structure
Incident command system
159
Active listening, empathy, rapport, influence, behavior change
Behavioral change stairway model
160
Coping mechanism to a captive. People develop positive emotions, feelings, and associations with someone who is keeping them captive
Stockholm Syndrome
161
LCAN
Location, conditions, actions, needs
162
163
164
165
Police(doctor) community (patient)
Sometimes community can resolve it (diet) sometimes both can (diet/meds) sometime only police (surgery). Look at crime as preventative. Focus on cause than just symptom.
Public health model
166
Related to standard operating procedures that are guides to such things as serving arrest warrants
Procedural plans
167
Plans prepared to meet exigencies such as civil disorder
Tactical plans
168
Plans to give guidance to everyday activities
Operational plans
169
Plans used for recruitment and community relations
Auxiliary services plan
170
171
Readiness, effect, repetition, primacy, recency, and intensity are
Principles of learning
