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AP Statistics > Summer Work > Flashcards

Summer Work Flashcards

1
Q

What is statistics?

A

The study of variability

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2
Q

What is variability?

A

Differences, how things differ. We all look different and have different preferences. Statistics look at these differences

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3
Q

What are the 2 branches of statistics?

A

Inferential and descriptive

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4
Q

What are descriptive statistics?

A

Describing data using pictures and summaries, etc.

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5
Q

What are inferential statistics?

A

Look at the data you’ve collected to make an inference about the whole population

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6
Q

Compare descriptive and inferential stats.

A

Descriptive explains the data you have, inferential uses the data to try to say something about the entire population.

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7
Q

What is data?

A

Any collected information

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8
Q

What is a population?

A

The group you’re interested in.

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9
Q

What is a sample?

A

A subset of a population often taken to make inferences of a population. We calculate statistics from samples

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10
Q

Compare population to sample.

A

Populations are generally large, and samples are small portions of populations. Samples are used to make inferences of the population. We use statistics to estimate parameters.

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11
Q

Compare data to statistics.

A

Mean of a sample is a statistic

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12
Q

Compare data to parameter

A

Mean of population is a parameter

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13
Q

What is a parameter?

A

A numerical summary of a population. Mean, median, range, of a population

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14
Q

What is a statistic?

A

A numerical summary of a sample

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15
Q

We are curious about the average wait time at a Dunkin donuts drive through. You sample care one afternoon and find the average wait time is 3.2 mins. What is the population parameter? What is the statistic? What is the parameter of interest? What is the data?

A

The parameter is the true average wait time at Dunkin donuts. This is a number that you don’t have and will never know. The statistic is “3.2 mins”. It is the average of the data you collected.

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16
Q

Compare data-statistic-parameter using categorical example.

A

Data are individual measures like meal preference: taco, pasta, taco, burger, burger. Statistics and parameters are summaries. Statistic: 42% of the sample want taco. Parameter: 42% of the population want tacos.

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17
Q

Compare data-statistic-parameter using quantitative example.

A

Average breathe of the sample is 40 seconds. Average breathe of the population is 38 seconds

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18
Q

What is a census?

A

A sample of the entire population. Information collected from every member of the population.

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19
Q

When does a census make sense?

A

For small populations

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20
Q

Difference between statistics and parameter?

A

Both are summaries. Statistics are from samples, parameters are from populations.

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21
Q

If I take a sample of 20 burgers from five guys and count the number of pickles on a bunch of them and one of them had 9 pickles then that burger would be called?

A

A datum or data value

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22
Q

If I take a sample of 20 burgers from five guys and counted the number of pickles on a bunch of them and the average number of pickles were 9.5 that is considered a____?

A

Statistic

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23
Q

If I take a sample of 20 burgers from five guys and count the number of pickles on a bunch of them and I do this because I want to know the true average number on a burger at five guys, the true average is considered a____?

A

Parameter

24
Q

What is the difference between a sample and a census?

A

A sample will give you information about a small part of the population. The census will give you info from the entire population. You can get a parameter from a census but only a statistic from a sample

25
Q

Use the following words in one sentence: population, parameter; census, sample, data, statistics, inference, population of interest.

A

I was curious about a population parameter, but a census was too costly so I decided to choose a sample, collect same data, calculate a statistic and use that statistic to make and inference about the population parameter (aka the parameter of interest)

26
Q

If you are tasting soup, then the flavor of each individual thing in spoon is the _____, the entire spoon is a ______. The flavor of all of that stuff together is like the ______ and you use that to _______ about the flavor of the entire pot of soup, which is the _____

A

If you are tasting soup, then the flavor of each individual thing in spoon is the DATA, the entire spoon is a SAMPLE. The flavor of all of that stuff together is like the STATISTIC, and you use that to MAKE AND INFERENCE about the flavor of the entire pot of soup, which would be the PARAMETER.

27
Q

What are random

Variables?

A

If you randomly chose people from a list, the their hair color, height, weight and any other data collected from them can be considered random variables.

28
Q

What is the difference between quantitative and categorical variables?

A

Quantitative variables measure numerical measures like height. Categorical are like eye color

29
Q

What is the difference between quantitative and categorical data?

A

The data is gathered in measurements. The data form for quantitative variables are numbers

30
Q

What is the difference between discrete and continuous variables?

A

Discrete can be counted in whole numbers. Continuous numbers have decimals

31
Q

What is a quantitative variable?

A

Quantitative variables are the numeric

32
Q

What is a categorical variable?

A

Qualitative variables are like categories

33
Q

What do we sometimes call a categorical variable?

A

Qualitative

34
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Actual numbers gathered from each subject

35
Q

What is categorical data?

A

Actual individual category from a subject

36
Q

What is a random sample?

A

Rolling dice

37
Q

What is frequency?

A

How often something happens or comes up

38
Q

Data or datum?

A

Datum is singular data is plural

39
Q

What is a frequency distribution?

A

A table or a chart that shows how often certain values or categories occur in a data set

40
Q

What is meant by relative frequency?

A

The percent of time something comes up

41
Q

How do you find relative frequency?

A

Just divide frequency by total

42
Q

What is meant by cumulative frequency?

A

Add up the frequencies as you go

43
Q

What is relative cumulative frequency?

A

Relative cumulative frequencies always end at 100 percent

44
Q

What is the difference between a bar chart and a histogram?

A

Bar charts are for categorical data and histogram a are for quantitate data

45
Q

What is the mean?

A

The old average we used to calculate. It is the balancing point of the histogram.

46
Q

What is the difference between a population mean and a sample mean?

A

Population mean is the parameter. Sample mean is the statistic.

47
Q

What symbols do we use for population mean and sample mean?

A

Mu for population mean. X-bar for sample mean

48
Q

How can you think about the mean and median to remember the difference when looking at a histogram?

A

Mean is the balancing point and median splits the area of the histogram in half

49
Q

What is the median?

A

The middlest number, it splits the area in half.

50
Q

What is the mode?

A

The most common or the peaks of the histogram. Often used in categorical data.

51
Q

Why don’t we always use the mean?

A

It is not resilient, it is impacted by sleekness and outliers.

52
Q

When we say “the teenager” are we talking about mean, median, or mode?

A

It depends

53
Q

What is a clear example of where the mean would change but median wouldn’t?

A

Lol

54
Q

How are mean, median and mode position in a skewed left histogram?

A

Goes in that order from left to right. Mean-median-mode

55
Q

How are mean, median, and mode positioned in a skewed right histogram?

A

Goes in the opposite order mode-median-mean

56
Q

Who chase the tail?

A

The mean chase the tail, the mean chases the tail, high ho the the Derry-oh the mean chases the tail and outliers

57
Q

Is there a way to study these efficiently instead of just rereading them.

A

Yes go to APSTATSGUY.com

AP Statistics (1 decks)

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