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AP Stat > Summer Work > Flashcards

Summer Work Flashcards

1
Q

Individuals

A

objects described by a set of data

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2
Q

Variable

A

any characteristic of an individual

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3
Q

Categorical Variable

A

places an individual into one of several groups or categories (ex: zip code)

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4
Q

Quantitative Variable

A

Takes a numerical value for which it makes sense to find an average (GPA)

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5
Q

Discreet Variable

A

have a fixed set of possible values, no in-between values, probability adds up to 1

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6
Q

Continuous variable

A

value is obtained by measuring, there are an infinite set of values

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7
Q

Univariate Data

A

results from a study looking at only one variable

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8
Q

Bivariate Data

A

results from a study that compares the relationship between two variables

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9
Q

Population

A

refers to the total set of observations that can be made

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10
Q

Sample

A

refers to a set of observations drawn from the population

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11
Q

Census

A

a study that obtains data from every member of a population

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12
Q

Distribution

A

Tells us what values a variable takes and how often it takes such values

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13
Q

Marginal Distribution

A

the distribution of values of that variable among all individuals described by the table.

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14
Q

Inference

A

a table that shows frequency counts for categorical data

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15
Q

Frequency Table

A

drawing conclusions that go beyond the data

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16
Q

Relative Frequency Table

A

shows relative frequency for different categories of categorical data

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17
Q

Round-Off Error

A

the effect of rounding off results

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18
Q

Pie Chart

A

show the distribution of categorical data, each slice is sized by percent of category

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19
Q

Bar Graph

A

represents categorical data with bars

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20
Q

Two Way Table

A

shows relationships between categorical variables

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21
Q

Relative Frequency

A

subgroup count/total count

22
Q

Conditional Distribution

A

probability distribution for a subpopulation (inside the cells of two way tables)

23
Q

Segmented Bar Graph

A

stacked bar chart, each bar makes up 100% of discrete values

24
Q

Side by Side Bar Graph

A

uses bars to make side by side comparisons of data

25
Q

Association

A

refers to the relationship that occurs if knowing the value of one variable helps predicts the value of the other

26
Q

Simpsons Paradox

A

statistical phenomenon where an association between two variables in a population emerges, disappears or reverses when the population is divided into subpopulations.

27
Q

Dot Plot

A

a type of graphic display used to compare frequency counts within categories or groups

28
Q

Shape

A

describes graph

29
Q

Mode

A

value that is repeated most often in a population or sample

30
Q

Center

A

middle of distribution

31
Q

Spread

A

is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed

32
Q

Range

A

difference between the biggest and smallest random variable

33
Q

Outlier

A

a data point that diverges greatly from the overall pattern of data

34
Q

Symmetric

A

can be divided at the center so that each half is a mirror image of the other

35
Q

Skewed Right

A

distributions with fewer observations on the right (more low values)

36
Q

Skewed Left

A

distributions with fewer observations on the left (more high values)

37
Q

Unimodal

A

distributions with one clear peak

38
Q

Bimodal

A

distributions with two clear peaks

39
Q

Multimodal

A

distributions with more than one peak

40
Q

Stemplot

A

used to display quantitative data, usually from smaller data sets

41
Q

Splitting Stems

A

method for spreading out a stemplot that has too few stems

42
Q

Back to Back Stem Plots

A

stem in the middle vertical line, leaves on either side

43
Q

Histogram

A

The columns are positioned over a label that represents a continuous quantitative variable, height represents size of group defined by label

44
Q

Mean

A

an average, sum of individuals divided by the total number of individuals

45
Q

Median

A

middle value in data set or average of two middle values

46
Q

Inter Quartile Range

A

The interquartile range is equal to Q3 minus Q1

47
Q

Five Number Summary

A

minimum, maximum, median, Q1 and Q3

48
Q

Box Plot

A

type of graph used to display patterns of quantitative data

49
Q

Standard Deviation

A

numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals in a group vary, square root of average deviation from mean

50
Q

Variance

A

numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals in a group vary, average squared deviation from mean

AP Stat (1 decks)

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