Summer Vocabulary words Flashcards
ALLUSION
A reference to a person, place, or event meant to create or enhance the meaning of the text.
AMBIGUITY
A vagueness of meaning; a conscious lack of clarity meant to evoke multiple meanings or interpretations.
ANAPHORA
The repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successful, versus clauses or sentences.
Anecdote
A brief narrative often used to illustrate an idea or make a point.
ANTECEDENT
A word to which a pronoun refers
ANTITHESIS
A rhetoric opposition, or contrast of ideas by means of a grammatical arrangement of words, closet sentences as in the following:
“ they promised us freedom, but provided slavery.”
APOSTROPHE
is when a writer or speaker addresses someone who isn’t present or isn’t alive, an inanimate object, an abstract idea, or an imaginary figure.
Example:
“Oh, you cross streets of Manhattan, how I abhor uou”!
CLAUSE
A structural element of a sentence, consisting of grammatical subject and a predicate. Independent clauses, called main clauses, may stand on their own, as a complete sentence, end, dependent clauses, which are used as nouns or modifiers, or incomplete sentences, and may not stand alone.
CIRCUMLOCUTION
Literally “ talking around” a subject: ; discourse that avoids direct reference to a particular subject.
CONCEIT
A witty or ingenious thought, I diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language
Connotation
The suggested or implied meaning of a word or phrase
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
A method of reasoning by which specific definitions conclusions or and theorem’s are drawn from a general principle. It’s opposite is inductive reasoning.
DICTION
The choice of words in oral or written discourse.
Written discourse involves the structure, coherence, logical development, and range of linguistic resources in a written text.
DIDACTIC
Having an instructive purpose ; intending to convey information or teach a lesson
EUPHEMISM
A mild or less negative usage for harsh or blunt terms
EXPOSITION
The background and events that lead to the presentation of the main idea or purpose of an essay or other works; setting for the meeting, or purpose of a piece of written or discourse
Explication
The interpretation or analysis of a text
Fallacious Reasoning
An incorrect belief or supposition, based on a faulty data, defective evidence.
HYPERBOLE
Gross exaggeration or rhetoric affect gross exaggeration for the rhetoric affect. 
INDUCTIVE REASONING
A method of reasoning in which a number of specific facts or examples are used to make a generalization.
METONYMY
I figure of speech that uses the name of one thing to represent something else with which it is associated.
Example : “the White House, declares…”
OXYMORON
A term consisting of a contradictory element juxtaposed to create a paradoxical affect.
Example: loud silence, jumbo shrimp
PARADOX
A statement that seems self contradictory, but is never the less true
Parallel Structure
The structure required for expressing two or more grammatical elements of equal, rank, end, coordinated ideas, compared and contrasted ideas, and correlate of construction.
Example: “ colleges, favor, applicants with strong academics, varied interests, and high standardized, test scores”
PARODY
An imitation of work meant to ridicule its style and subject
PERSONA
The role or façade, that a character assumes to depict to a reader.
PUN
A humorous play on words, using similar - sounding or identical words to suggest different meanings
REFUTATION
The part of a discourse, where, in opposing arguments are anticipated and refuted
rhetoric
The language of a work or its style; words, often highly emotional, use to convince or sway an audience.
RHETORICAL MODE
General term that identifies discourse, according to its chief purpose. Modes include exposition.( to explain, analyze, or discuss an idea.), argumentation( to prove a point or persuade), description( to re-create or present with details), and narration (to relate by way of an antecdote or story
RHETORICAL QUESTION
A question to which the audience already knows the answer; a question ask merely for a fact, with no answer expected.
SATIRE
A literary style used to poke, fun at, attack, or ridicule, an idea, vice, Foible, often for the purpose of inducing social change.
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
The arrangements of a sentence. A sentence, maybe simple (one subject and one verb), compound( two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction), or complex( an independent clause +1 or more dependent clauses.
STYLISTIC DEVICES
A general term, referring to dictation, syntax, tone, figurative, language, and all the other elements that contribute to “style “, or manner of a given piece of discourse.
Syllogism
A form of deductive reasoning, in which given certain ideas or facts. Other ideas or facts, must follow.
Example “all men are mortals. Mike is a man; therefore, Mike is a mortal. “
SYECDOCHE
Figure of speech in which part signifies the whole (50 masts instead of 50 ships) or the whole signifies the part( days for life, as in “he had lived his days under the African son): when the name of the material stands, for the thing itself, as in pigskin for football.
SYNTAX
The arrangements of an organization of language into meaningful structure; every sentence has a particular syntax, or pattern of words.
TONE
The authors attitude towards the subject being written about. The tone is the characteristics emotion that provides a work or part of a work; the spirit or quality that is the works emotional essence.
Verisimilitude
Similar to the truth; the quality of realism, the persuade readers that they are getting a vision of life as it is.
VOICE
The real or assumed personality, used by a writer or speaker. In grammar, active voice, and passive voice, refers to the use of verbs. A verb is in the active voice. When did it expresses action performed by its subject. A verb is in the passive voice, when it expresses an action performed upon its subject, or when the subject is the result of the action.
Active; the crew rake, the leaves
Passive; the leaves were raped by the crew.
Stylistically, the active voice leads to the more economical and vigorous writing.
