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AP Statistics > Summer Vocabulary > Flashcards

Summer Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Categorical Variable

A

Variable that places an individual into one of several groups or categories.

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2
Q

Census

A

Study that attempts to collect data from every individual in the population.

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3
Q

Bar Graph

A

Graph used to display the distribution of a categorical variable or to compare the sizes of different quartiles

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4
Q

Association

A

Knowing the value of one variable helps predict the value of the other.

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5
Q

Bimodal

A

A graph of quantitative data with two clear peaks.

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6
Q

Back-to-back Stems

A

Plot used to compare distribution of a quantitative variable for two groups.

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7
Q

Boxplot

A

Graph of the five number summary. The box spans the quartiles and shows the spread of the central half of the distribution.

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8
Q

Individuals

A

Objects described by a set of data. Individuals may be people, animals, or things.

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9
Q

Variable

A

Any characteristics of an individual. A variable can take different values for different individuals.

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10
Q

Quantitative Variable

A

Variable that takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average.

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11
Q

Discrete Variables

A

Takes a fixed set of possible values with gaps between. The probability distribution of a discrete random variable gives its possible values and their probabilities.

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12
Q

Continuous

A

Information that can be measured on a continuum or scale.

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13
Q

Univariate Data

A

Observations on only a single characteristic or attribute

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14
Q

Bivariate Data

A

Data on each of two variables, where each value of one of the variables is paired with a value of the other variable

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15
Q

Population

A

In a statistical study, the entire group of individuals we want information about.

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16
Q

Sample

A

Subset of individuals in the population from which we actually collect data.

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17
Q

Distribution

A

Tells what values a variable takes and how often it takes these values.

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18
Q

Inference

A

Drawing conclusions that go beyond the data at hand.

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19
Q

Frequency Table

A

Table that displays the count of observations in each category or class.

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20
Q

Relative Frequency Table

A

Table that shows the percents of observations in each category or class.

21
Q

Roundoff Error

A

Difference between the calculated approximation of a number and its exact mathematical value.

22
Q

Pie Chart

A

Chart that shows the distribution of a categorical variable as a pie whose slices are sized by the counts or percents for the categories. A pie chart must include all the categories that make up a whole.

23
Q

Two-Way Table

A

Table of counts that organizes data about two categorical variables.

24
Q

Marginal Distribution

A

The distribution of one of the categorical variables in a 2-way table of counts among all individuals described by the table.

25
Q

Conditional Distribution

A

Term that describes the values of one variable among individuals who have a specific value of another variable. There is a separate conditional distribution for each value of the other variable.

26
Q

Spread

A

The extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed

27
Q

Segmented Bar Graph

A

Graph used to compare the distribution of a categorical variable in each of several groups.

28
Q

Side-by-side Bar Graph

A

Graph used to compare the distribution of a categorical variable in each of several groups. For each value of the categorical variable, there is a bar corresponding to each group.

29
Q

Simpson’s Paradox

A

phenomenon in which a trend appears in several different groups of data but disappears or reverses when these groups are combined.

30
Q

Dotplot

A

Simple graph that shows each data value as a dot above its location on a number line.

31
Q

Shape

A

Analysis of the geometrical properties of some given set of shapes by statistical methods.

32
Q

Center

A

Different measures of the middle of a distribution

33
Q

Range

A

Difference between maximum and minimum.

34
Q

Outlier

A

Individual value that falls outside the overall pattern of a distribution.

35
Q

Symmetric

A

A graph in which the right and left sides are approximately mirror images of each other.

36
Q

Skewed Right

A

Right side of graph is much longer than left side.

37
Q

Skewed Left

A

Left side of graph is much longer than right side.

38
Q

Unimodal

A

A graph of quantitative data with one clear peak.

39
Q

Multimodal

A

A graph of quantitative data with more than 2 clear peaks.

40
Q

Stemplot

A

Simple graphical display for fairly small data sets that gives a quick picture of the shape of a distribution while including the actual numerical values of the graph.

41
Q

Splitting Stems

A

Method for spreading out a stemplot that has too few stems.

42
Q

Plots

A

Graphs showing the relation between two variables.

43
Q

Histogram

A

Graph that displays the distribution of a quantitative variable. The horizontal axis is marked in the units of measurement for the variable. The vertical axis contains the scale of counts or percents. Each bar in the class represents an equal width class.

44
Q

Mean

A

Arithmetic average. Add all values up then divide by number of values.

45
Q

Median

A

Midpoint of a distribution. 1/2 of observations are smaller 1/2 are larger.

46
Q

Interquartile Range

A

IQR = 3rd quartile - 1st quartile

47
Q

Five-Number Summary

A

Smallest observation, 1st quartile, median, third quartile, and largest observation.

48
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Statistics that measures the typical distance of the values in a distribution from the mean.

49
Q

Variance

A

Average squared deviation of the observations in a data set from their mean.

AP Statistics (1 decks)

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