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AP Statistics > Summer Vocabulary > Flashcards

Summer Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Individuals

A

Objects described by a set of data. Individuals may be people, animals, or things.

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2
Q

Variable

A

Any characteristic of an individual. A variable can take different values for different individuals.

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3
Q

Categorical Variable

A

Places an individual into one of several groups or categories.

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4
Q

Quantitative Variable

A

Takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average.

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5
Q

Discrete Variables

A

Variable that cannot take on any value between its minimum value and its maximum value.

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6
Q

Continuous

A

Variable that can take on any value between its minimum value and its maximum value.

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7
Q

Univariate Data

A

Data gathered from a study that looks at only one variable.

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8
Q

Bivariate Data

A

Data gathered from a study that looks at two variables.

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9
Q

Population

A

The total set of observations that can be made.

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10
Q

Sample

A

A set of observations drawn from a population.

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11
Q

Census

A

A study that obtains data from every member of a population.

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12
Q

Distribution

A

Tells us what values the variable takes and how often it takes these values.

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13
Q

Inference

A

Drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample of the data.

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14
Q

Frequency Table

A

A table that shows frequency counts for a categorical variable.

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15
Q

Relative Frequency

A

A measure of the number of times an event occurs for a subgroup, divided by the number of times an event occurs for the total population.

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16
Q

Table

A

An arrangement of data in rows and columns for the use of data analysis.

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17
Q

Roundoff Error

A

The difference between an approximation of a number used in computation and its exact value.

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18
Q

Pie Chart

A

Displays the distribution of a categorical variable as percents, or slices, of a pie.

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19
Q

Bar Graph

A

Displays the distribution of a categorical variable by plotting columns and rows.

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20
Q

Two-Way Table

A

Examines relationships between categorical variables.

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21
Q

Marginal Distribution

A

The distribution of values of that variable among all individuals described by the table.

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22
Q

Conditional

A

Distribution of relative frequencies in the body of a two-way table.

23
Q

Distribution

A

A listing showing all the possible values of the data and how often they occur.

24
Q

Segmented Bar Graph

A

A type of bar graph where columns are stacked and total to 100% of the discrete value.

25
Q

Side-by-side Bar

A

A type of bar graph where columns are grouped into pairs to compare two categorical values.

26
Q

Graph

A

Diagram showing relation between variables.

27
Q

Association

A

Knowing the value of one variable helps predict the value of the the other.

28
Q

Simpson’s Paradox

A

An effect that occurs when the marginal association between two categorical variables is qualitatively different from the partial association between the same two variables.

29
Q

Dotplot

A

A graphic display used to compare frequency counts within categories or groups, made up of dots plotted on a graph.

30
Q

Shape

A

Describes the distribution of data in terms of symmetry, peaks, and skews.

31
Q

Mode

A

The most commonly observed value in a set of data.

32
Q

Center

A

The middle of a distribution, often measured by the mean or median of a data set.

33
Q

Spread

A

The extent to which a distribution is stretched.

34
Q

Range

A

The difference between the lowest and highest values.

35
Q

Outlier

A

A data point that differs significantly from other observations.

36
Q

Symmetric

A

A type of distribution where the left side of the distribution mirrors the right side.

37
Q

Skewed Right

A

A measure of asymmetry in which the data has a tail on the right side of the distribution.

38
Q

Skewed Left

A

A measure of asymmetry in which the data has a tail on the left side of the distribution.

39
Q

Unimodal

A

Distribution with one clear peak or most frequent value.

40
Q

Bimodal

A

Distribution with two clear peaks or most frequent values.

41
Q

Multimodal

A

Distribution with more than two clear peaks or most frequent values.

42
Q

Stemplot

A

A way to plot data where the data is split into stems (the largest digit) and leaves (the smallest digits).

43
Q

Splitting Stems

A

Separating the quantitative values into two different digits when displaying them in a stem and leaf plot.

44
Q

Back-to-back Stem

A

Used for numerical data where two sets of data use the same set of stems.

45
Q

Plots

A

A diagram that displays data for data analysis.

46
Q

Histogram

A

A graphical display of data using bars of different heights, grouping numbers into ranges.

47
Q

Mean

A

The average value of a set of data.

48
Q

Median

A

The measure of central tendency, represented by the middle value in a set of data.

49
Q

Interquartile Range

A

A measure of variability, based on dividing a data set into quartiles.

50
Q

Five-Number Summary

A

An analysis consisting of the most extreme values in the data set, the lower and upper quartiles, and the median.

51
Q

Boxplot

A

A type of graph used to display patterns of quantitative data that splits the data set into quartiles.

52
Q

Standard Deviation

A

A numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals in a group vary, measured by how greatly from the mean a value is.

53
Q

Variance

A

A numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals in a group vary.

AP Statistics (1 decks)

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