Summer Vocab pt. 2

Question 1

Connotation

Answer 1

ideas or feelings invoked by a word not related to the literal meaning of the word; symbolism.
ex. fool - can mean a negative term or an “ignorance is bliss” meaning depending on the connotation

Question 2

Inductive

Answer 2

Broad generalizations based on initial evidence; could essentially be wrong.
ex. the coin pulled from the bag was a penny, therefore all the coins in the bag are pennies.

Question 3

Deductive

Answer 3

General hypothesis followed by specific findings; more likely to be accurate.
ex. All men have facial hair -> Herald, a man, has facial hair.

Question 4

Context

Answer 4

The circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.
ex. In the context of the readings, Jerald was explained to have many cats on page 4.

Question 5

Antithesis

Answer 5

A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else; contrast.
ex. Yin vs. Yang; God vs. Satan

Question 6

Rhetoric

Answer 6

The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.
ex. Pointing to direct techniques to articulate persuasion.

Question 7

Rhetorical Question

Answer 7

A question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer.
ex. How could I be so stupid?

Question 8

Diction

Answer 8

The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.
ex. Howdy, ya’ll! How’s it?

Question 9

Dialect

Answer 9

A particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group
ex. Jargon

Question 10

Tone

Answer 10

The attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience conveyed through word choice and the style of the writing.
ex. Dazzling, amazing, wonderful!

Question 11

Aside

Answer 11

A remark or passage in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience but unheard by the other characters in the play.
ex. In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo appears during Juliet’s balcony soliloquy and asks, in an aside, “Shall I hear more, or shall I speak at this?”

Question 12

Hubris

Answer 12

Arrogance and excessive pride; This can be something a character feels internally, but it usually translates to the character’s actions.
ex. Mr. Darcy in Pride and Prejudice nearly loses Elizabeth by having excessive pride in himself and his social status.

Question 13

Theme

Answer 13

The main idea or underlying meaning a writer explores in a novel, short story, or other literary work.
ex. love, war, deceit, revenge, fate, destiny, etc.

Question 14

Genre

Answer 14

A distinctive type or category of literary composition.

ex. epic, tragedy, comedy, novel, and short story

Question 15

Aphorism

Answer 15

A short statement expressing general truths or opinions.

ex. the early bird gets the worm.

Question 16

Satire

Answer 16

A literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn.
ex. political cartoons.

Question 17

Allegory

Answer 17

A symbolic fictional narrative that conveys a meaning not explicitly set forth in the narrative.
ex. The allegory of the cave.

Question 18

Tragedy

Answer 18

Branch of drama that treats in a serious and dignified style the sorrowful or terrible events encountered or caused by a heroic individual.
ex. Romeo and Juliet

Question 19

Foreshadowing

Answer 19

Literary device used to give an indication or hint of what is to come later in the story.
ex. “I feel like I am forgetting something” - later in the story she discovers she forgot something.

Question 20

Fiction

Answer 20

Literature created from the imagination, not presented as fact, though it may be based on a true story or situation.
ex. Disney movies

Question 21

Non-Fiction

Answer 21

Literature based upon fact.

ex. Biographies, historical.

Question 22

Anadiplosis

Answer 22

A device in which the last word or phrase of one clause, sentence, or line is repeated at the beginning of the next.
ex. “Our doubt is our passion, and our passion is our task.”

Question 23

Connotation

Answer 23

Positive and negative associations that most words naturally carry with them; suggested meaning.
ex. “He’s such a dog.” – In this sense, the word dog connotes shamelessness, or ugliness.

Question 24

Persona

Answer 24

The person who is understood to be speaking (or thinking or writing) a particular work.
ex. first-person voice

Question 25

Ethos

Answer 25

The character or emotions of a speaker or writer that are expressed in the attempt to persuade an audience.
ex. A commercial about a specific brand of toothpaste says that 4 out of 5 dentists use it.

Question 26

Logos

Answer 26

A rhetorical or persuasive appeal to the audience’s logic and rationality.
ex. Our country has the highest income tax in the world. Our own small businesses cannot compete with such a relatively high tax burden. Therefore, the government should lower corporate income tax rates.

Question 27

Pathos

Answer 27

An appeal made to an audience’s emotions in order to evoke feeling.
ex. “If we don’t move soon, we’re all going to die! Can’t you see how dangerous it would be to stay?”

Question 28

Syllogism

Answer 28

A type of deductive reasoning that presents a major premise and a minor premise to guide the reader towards a valid conclusion.
ex. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

Question 29

Enthymeme

Answer 29

An argumentative statement in which the writer or the speaker omits one of the major or minor premises, does not clearly pronounce it, or keeps this premise implied.
ex. We cannot trust Katie, because she lied last week.

Question 30

Paraprosdokian

Answer 30

A wordplay type of literary device in which the final part of a phrase or sentence is unexpected; humor.
ex. The difference between stupidity and genius is that genius has its limits.

Question 31

Antimetabole

Answer 31

The repetition of words in successive clauses, but in transposed order.
ex. I know what I like, and I like what I know.

Question 32

Epistrophe

Answer 32

When a certain phrase or word is repeated at the end of sentences or clauses that follow each other.
ex. I’m tired of this job. I’m over this job. I’m done with this job!

Question 33

Anaphora

Answer 33

Figure of speech in which words repeat at the beginning of successive clauses, phrases, or sentences.
ex. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania…

Question 34

Synecdoche

Answer 34

A figure of speech in which, most often, a part of something is used to refer to its whole.
ex. The captain commands one hundred sails” is a synecdoche that uses “sails” to refer to ships—ships being the thing of which a sail is a part.

Question 35

Ellipsis

Answer 35

The narrative device of omitting a portion of the sequence of events, allowing the reader to fill in the narrative gaps.
ex. After school I went to her house, which was a few blocks away, and then came home. -> After school I went to her house … and then came home.

Question 36

Hyperbole

Answer 36

A boldly overstated or exaggerated claim or statement that adds emphasis without the intention of being literally true.
ex. I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.

Question 37

Tropes

Answer 37

The use of figurative language, via word, phrase or an image, for artistic effect such as using a figure of speech.
ex. “mad scientist”