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AP Statistics > Summer Vocab > Flashcards

Summer Vocab Flashcards

Learn it all for test

1
Q

What is Statistics?

A

The study of variability.

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2
Q

What is variability?

A

Differences; how things differ.

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3
Q

What are 2 branches of AP Statistics?

A

Inferential and Descriptive.

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4
Q

What are DESCRIPTIVE STATS?

A

Statistics that are explained through descriptions (mean, median range, etc.).

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5
Q

What are INFERENTIAL STATS?

A

A sample of the bigger picture, such as the population.

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6
Q

Compare Descriptive and Inferential STATS

A

Descriptive tells you about the data, inference uses that data.

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7
Q

What is data?

A

Any collected information.

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8
Q

What is a population?

A

The group your interested in.

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9
Q

What is a sample?

A

A subset of a population, often taken to make inferences about the population.

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10
Q

Compare population to sample.

A

Samples make up a population.

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11
Q

Compare data to statistics.

A

Data is the individual information collected in a group. To summarize them, you find the mean of a group, which is the statistic.

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12
Q

Compare data to parameter.

A

Data is the individual information found in a group. To summarize them, find the mean in a population, which is the parameter.

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13
Q

What is a parameter?

A

A numerical summary of a population.

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14
Q

What is a statistic?

A

A numerical summary of a sample.

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15
Q

What is a census?

A

Like a sample of the entire population, you get information from every member of the population.

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16
Q

Does a census make sense?

A

A census is ok for small populations (like Mr. Nystrom’s students) but impossible if you want to survey “all US teens”.

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17
Q

What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

A

Parameters come from populations, and statistics come from samples.

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18
Q

What is the difference between a sample and a census?

A

With a sample, you get information from a small part of the population. In a census, you get info from the entire population. You can get a parameter from a census, but only a statistic from a sample.

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19
Q

What are random variables?

A

If you randomly choose people from a list, then their hair color, height, weight and any other data collected from them can be considered random variables.

20
Q

What is the difference between
quantitative and categorical
variables?

A

Quantitative variables are numerical measures, like height and IQ. Categorical are categories, like eye color and music preference.

21
Q

What is the difference between

quantitative and categorical data?

A

Quantitative data is always a number. Categorical data is always a word. (yes, no, maybe)

22
Q

What is the difference between

discrete and continuous variables?

A

Discrete variables are whole numbers, while continuous variables go on, like 4.685…

23
Q

What is a quantitative variable?

A

A quantitative variable is numerical.

24
Q

What is a categorical variable?

A

A qualitative variable can be put in categories.

25
Q

What do we sometimes call a categorical variable?

A

A qualitative variable.

26
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

The actual numbers gathered from each subject.

27
Q

What is categorical data?

A

The actual individual category from a subject.

28
Q

What is a random sample?

A

A actually random sample, such as a dice roll, or paper from a hat.

29
Q

What is frequency?

A

How often something comes up.

30
Q

Data or datum?

A

Datum is singular, data is plural.

31
Q

What is a frequency distribution?

A

A table/chart that shows how often certain values or categories occur in a data set.

32
Q

What is meant by relative frequency?

A

The PERCENT of time something comes up (frequency ÷ total)

33
Q

How do you find relative frequency?

A

Divide the frequency by the total.

34
Q

What is cumulative frequency?

A

Adding the frequencies as you go. (Sell 25 pieces of candy; 10 first, 5 second, 4 third, and 6 fourth. That’s 10, 15, 19, 25)

35
Q

What is relative cumulative frequency?

A

The added up PERCENTAGES.

36
Q

What is the difference between a bar chart and a histogram?

A 
Bar charts are for categorical data (bars don't touch) and histograms are for 
quantitative data (bars do touch).
37
Q

What is the mean?

A

The old average that used to be calculated. It is the balancing point of the histogram.

38
Q

What is the difference between a population mean and a sample mean?

A

A population mean is a parameter, and a sample mean is a statistic.

39
Q

What symbols are used for the population mean and the sample mean?

A

Mu (p with cut top) for population mean, x-bar (x with bar overhead) for sample mean.

40
Q

How can you think about the mean and median to remember the difference when looking at a histogram?

A

The mean is a balancing point of a histogram, and the median splits the area of the histogram in half.

41
Q

What is the median?

A

The middle number, always splits the area in half (always found at (n+1)/2)

42
Q

What is the mode?

A

The most common number, or the peaks of a histogram. Often used in categorical data.

43
Q

When is the mode often used?

A

With categorical variables.

44
Q

How are mean, median and mode positioned in a skewed left histogram?

A

How’d in that order from left to right (—>) mean-median-mode.

45
Q

How are mean, median and mode positioned in a skewed right histogram?

A

Goes in the opposite order from right to left (

46
Q

Who chased the tail?

A

The mean chases the tail (and outliers).

AP Statistics (1 decks)

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