Summer Terminology Flashcards
What is the active voice?
(The opposite of passive voice) Any sentence with an active verb that is used to express more energy and command of the essay
What is the active verb in the active voice of “Johnny Appleseed planted his seeds in the garden”?
Planted, its an active verb
What is ad hominem?
An attack on the person rather than the issues at hand
When is ad hominem most commonly used?
Election year
What is alliteration?
The repetition of a phonetic sound at the beginning of several words in a sentence
What is allusion?
A reference that recalls another work, another time in history, another famous person, and so forth
What is anadiplosis?
Technique of repetition where the last word of the clause begins the next clause
What is analogy?
A term that signifies a relational comparison of similarity between two objects or ideas
What is anaphora?
The deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive poetic lines, prose sentences, clause, or paragraphs
What is anastrophe?
The reversal of the natural order of words in a sentence or line of poetry
What is antithesis?
An observation or claim that is in opposition to your claim or an author’s claim
What is aphorism?
A brief statement of an opinion or elemental truth
What is apostrophe?
Prayer-like, this is a direct address to someone who is not present, to a deity or muse, or to some other power
What is appostive?
Noun phrase, an appositive modifies the noun next to it
What is an argument from ignorance?
An argument stating that something is true because it has never been proven false
What is asyndeton?
The deliberate omission of conjunctions from a series of related independent clauses
What is bandwagon?
Vox populi, argument is the “everyone’s doing it” fallacy and is especially appreciated
What is begging the question?
Argument occurs when the speaker states a claim that includes a word or phrase that needs to be defined before the argument can proceed
What is cause and effect?
Post hoc ergo propter hoc, falls under the general umbrella of a causality fallacy or false cause
What is chiasmus?
An ABBA syntactical structure rather than the more common parallel ABAB structure
What is a complex sentence?
A sentence structure that is a combination of a dependent clause and an independent clause
What is a compound sentence?
A sentence structure made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction
What is a compound-complex sentence?
A combination of a compound and a complex sentence
What is connotation?
The associations or moods that accompany a word
What is a declarative sentence?
A basic statement or an assertion and most common type of sentence
What is a jargon?
A pattern of speech and vocabulary associated with a particular group of people
What is juxtaposition?
Making one idea more dramatic by placing it next to its opposite
What is logos?
An appeal to reason, writer tries to convince audience of the logic of his argument
What is a loose sentence?
An independent clause followed by all sorts of debris, usually dependent clauses
What is malapropism?
A wonderful form of word play in which one word is mistakenly substituted for another that sounds similar
What is a metaphor?
A figure of speech in which what is unknown is compared to something that is known in order to better gauge its importance
What is metonymy?
A minor figure of speech in which the name of one thing is substituted for another with which it is closely associated
What is non sequitur?
Literally means “it does not follow”, an argument by misdirection and is logically irrelevant
What is an object?
A noun toward which thought, feeling, or action is directed
What is onomatopoeia?
A minor figure of speech in which a sound imitates the thing or action associated with it
What is oxymoron?
Two words that together create a sense of opposition
What is a paradox?
A major figure of speech that seeks to create a mental discontinuity
What is parallel syntax?
Parallelism, a pattern of language that creates a rhythm of repetition often combined with some other language of repetition
What is parentheticals?
Phrases, sentences, and words inside parentheses
What is a subject?
The formal term for the noun that is the basic focus of the sentence
What is the subordinate conjucntion?
A conjunction that makes an independent clause into a dependent clause
What is syllogism?
A three-part argument construction in which two premises lead to a truth
What is synecdoche?
Minor figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole
What is syntax?
The study of the rules of grammar that define the formation of sentences
What is synthesis?
To unite or synthesize a variety of sources to achieve a common end
What is theme?
The basic message or meaning conveyed through elements of character and conflict
What is thesis?
The writer’s statement of purpose
