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Physics > Summer term exam > Flashcards

Summer term exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a scalar quantity have?

A

A scalar quantity has magnitude but no specific direction.

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2
Q

What does a vector quantity have?

A

A vector quantity has both magnitude and specific direction.

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3
Q

What do scalar quantities include?

A

Density, Time, Energy, Resistance, Speed, Volume, Mass, Power

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4
Q

What do vector quantities include?

A

Velocity, Force, Acceleration, Weight, Momentum

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5
Q

What is Distance?

A

Distance is a scalar quantity that referes to how much ground an object has covered during its motion

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6
Q

What is Displacement?

A

Displacement is a vector quantity that refers to how far out of place an object is from it’s starting position, it is the objects overall change in position.

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7
Q

What is velocity?

A

Velocity is speed in a stated direction

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8
Q

How do you work out the average speed?

A

Average speed = distance/time

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9
Q

How do you work out the distance travelled?

A

Distance travelled = average speed x time

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10
Q

How can speed be determined?

A

Speed can be determined by analysis of the gradient of distance/time graph

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11
Q

How is weight defined?

A

Weight is defined by the equation weight = mass x gravitational field strength (W = M x G)

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12
Q

What is weight?

A

It is a force

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13
Q

How is weight measured?

A

It is measured in newtons

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14
Q

True or False? There is a relationship between Speed and newtons

A

False, there is a relatioinship between the weight of a body and the gravitational field strength acting upon it.

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15
Q

What is Newtons first law of motion?

A

An object at a constant velocity will remain at the same velocity unless acted on by a resultant force.

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16
Q

What does Newtons first law of motion describe?

A

Newton’s First Law of motion describes the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object in the following situations: Where the resultant force on a body is zero i.e. the body is moving at a constant velocityor is at rest and where the resultant force is not zero i.e. the speed and/or direction of the body changes.

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17
Q

What do energy diagrams represent?

A

Energy transfers

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18
Q

Can energy be created or destroyed?

A

No, energy cannot be created or destroyed.

19
Q

When do mechanical processes become wasteful?

A

Mechanical processes become wasteful when they cause a rise in temperature so dissipating energy in heating the surroundings.

20
Q

How can unwanted energy transfers be limited?

A

Unwanted energy transfers can be limited by methods including through lubrication, thermal insulation

21
Q

What is the equation to work out efficiency?

A

Efficiency = (useful energy output) / (total energy input)

22
Q

Can waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter?

A

Yes

23
Q

How can waves be described?

A

Waves can be described by the use of the terms frequency and wavelength. Waves can also be described by the terms, amplitude, period and wave velocity.

24
Q

How can wave speed be calculated?

A

Waves speed can be calculated by using both the equations: wave speed = frequency x wavelength v=fxλ or wave speed = distance ÷ time v=d/t

25
Q

How do you work out the velocity of sound in air?

A

Velocity of sound in air = distance/ average time

26
Q

What is the definition of frequency?

A

The number of waves past a given point per second, measured in hertz

27
Q

What is the definition of wavelength?

A

The distance between two identical points on successive waves (such as peak to peak or trough to trough)

28
Q

How can ray diagrams be described?

A

Reflection, refraction and total internal reflection, can be described with ray diagrams

29
Q

What is the difference between specular and diffuse reflection?

A

A specular reflection is the light reflected from a smooth surface at a definite angle and a diffuse reflection is the light reflected from a rough surface and tends to reflect light in all directions

30
Q

What converts disturbances between sound waves and vibrations in solids

A

There are a number of processes that converts disturbances between sound waves and vibrations in solids. These processes only work over a limited frequency range for the human ear.

31
Q

What are sounds with frequencies greater than 20,000 hertz known as?

A

Ultrasound

32
Q

What are sounds with frequencies less than 20 hertz know as?

A

Infrasound

33
Q

What are ultrasound and infrasound used for?

A

Unltrasound and infrasound are used for exploration of the Earths mantle and core.

34
Q

What can be calculated from time and wave velocity?

A

Depth or distance can be calculated from time and wave velocity

35
Q

What are electromagnetic waves?

A

They are transverse, that they at the same speed in a vacuum

36
Q

From where do electromagnetic waves transfer energy?

A

All electromagnetic waves transfer energy from source to observer.

37
Q

What are the main groupings of the continuous electromagnetic spectrum?

A

(In order) Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible (including the colours of the visible spectrum), ultravoilet, X-rays and Gamma rays

38
Q

How can an atom be described?

A

An atom can be described as positively charged nucleus, consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons, with the nuclear radius much smaller that that of the atom and with almost all of the mass in the nucleus

39
Q

What are there typical sizes of?

A

There are typical sizes (order of magnitude) of atoms and small molecules.

40
Q

How is the structure of nuclei of isotopes described?

A

The structure of nuclei of isotopes is described using the terms atomic (proton) number and mass (nucleon) number and using symbols in the format 13 6 C.

41
Q

What does the nucleus of each element have?

A

The nucleus of each element has a characteristic positive charge, but that elements differ in mass by having different numbers of neutrons.

42
Q

What is the relative mass and relative electric charge of a proton?

A

Relative mass: 1 Relative charge: +1

43
Q

What is the relative mass and relative electric charge of a neutron?

A

Relative mass: 1 Relative charge: 0

44
Q

What is the relative mass and relative electric charge of an electron?

A

Revative mass: 1/1840 (accept 0) Relative charge: -1

Physics (3 decks)

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