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Resp 203 > Summer Resp > Flashcards

Summer Resp Flashcards

1
Q

What is the metric system?

A

using 10th the power/ converting to grams, meters & liters to measure length, mass & volume

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2
Q

Metric System: King ,Henry,Died, By,Drinking ,Chocolate,Milk

A

Giga (10^9), Mega (10^6), Kilo (10^3), Hecto (10^2), deka (10^1), Base (10^0), Deci (10^-1), Centi (10^-2), milli (10^-3), micro (10^-6), nano (10^-9)

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3
Q

1 ft= __ inches

A

12 inches

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4
Q

1 ft= __meters

A

0.3 meters

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5
Q

1 yard= __ft

A

3 ft

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6
Q

1 Inch= __cm

A

2.54 cm

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7
Q

1 Kg=__lbs

A

2.2 lbs

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8
Q

1 lbs=__ grams

A

454 grams

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9
Q

1 cup=__ mL

A

240 mL

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10
Q

1 tsp=__mL

A

5 mL

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11
Q

1 tbsp= __mL

A

15 mL

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12
Q

1 gal=__L

A

3.8L

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13
Q

1 cup=__ oz

A

8 oz

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14
Q

1 oz=__mL

A

30mL

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15
Q

Temperature conversion:
Kelvin
Celsius
Farenheit

A

K: C +273
C: (F-32)/1.8
F: (C X 1.8) +32

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16
Q

1 mmHg= __ cm H20

A

1.36 cm H20

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17
Q

1 Psi (per square inch)= __ cm H20

A

70 cm H20

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18
Q

Define and describe methods of heat transfer
conduction
convection
radiation
condensation
evaporation

A

conduction: heat transfers by direct contact (touching)
convection: heat transfers between gases & liquids by fluid movement
radiation: heat transfers not by direct contact between 2 substances
condensation: gas - liquid (a cold soda can has small water droplets around)
evaporation: liquid- gas (puddles disappearing)

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19
Q

describe properties of liquids:
cohesion
adhesion
surface tension

A

cohesion: attractive forces between like molecules (a U shape, ex. water)
adhesion: attractive forces between unlike molecules ( a n shape, ex.mercury)
surface tension: attractive forces between like molecules on liquid surface

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20
Q

water vapor pressure

A

acts like any gas exerts it own pressure

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21
Q

water vapor pressure @ body temperature 37 degrees

A

47 mm Hg

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22
Q

water vapor content @ body temperature 37 degrees

A

44 mg/L

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23
Q

atmospheric pressure:

A

760 mmHg

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24
Q

Daltons law
definition:
equation:

A

each gas in a mixture of gas exerts its own partial pressure
__ X 760 mm Hg= __
altogether= 760 mm Hg

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25
Q

Henrys law
definition:
explain gas law:

A

the quantity of gas that is dissolved in liquid is proportional to its partial pressure and its solubility/ predicts how much is dissolved
ex. water is more soluble than..

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26
Q

Boyles law
definition:
equation:
explain gas law:

A

the volume of gas varies inversely with its pressure
(P1 X V1)= (P2 X V2) Multiply then divide
-volume goes up, pressure goes down
-volume goes down, pressure goes up

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27
Q

Charles law
definition:
equation:
explain gas law:

A

the pressure of gas varies directly with its temperature
(P1/T1)=(P2/T2)
-pressure goes up, temperature goes up
-pressure goes down, temperature goes down

28
Q

Gay-lussacs law
definition:
equation:
explain gas law:

A

the volume of gas varies directly with its temperature
(V1/T1)=(V2/T2)
-volume goes up, temperature goes up
-volume goes down, temperature goes down

29
Q

Poiselles law

A

the degree of resistance in the fluid flow through the tube is directly proportional to its viscosity, flow and length and inversely proportional to its radius & power to the 4th

30
Q

Laplace law

A

something to do with surface tension

31
Q

Humidity definition:

A

the quality of wetness of gas or air in a gaseous state or vapor

32
Q

Absolute humidity definition:

A

the amount or weight of water vapor in a gas

33
Q

Relative Humidity:

A

the ratio amount of water vapor gas to its full saturated capacity at a given temperature

34
Q

Relative Humidity Equation

A

RH%= AB/capacity X 100

35
Q

Explain Characteristics of Humidity

A

-mainly in the nose
-Inhalation: Inspired warm air (convection) & pick up water vapor (evaporation)
-exhalation: cool heat back into ET tube & tracheal (convection)/ cool air less water vapor (rehydration, condensation)

36
Q

Body Humidity

A

ratio amount of water vapor in a gas to its full saturated water vapor content capacity of 44mg/L at a body temperature @37 degrees celsius

37
Q

Body Humidity Equation

A

BH%: AB/44 mg/L X 100

38
Q

efficiency of humidification

A

-duration of contact
-surface area
-thermal mass
-tempurature

39
Q

Humidifier definition

A

a devise used to add water molecule to a gas

40
Q

Indication of humidification

A

-bronchospasm caused by cold air
-humidifying dry medical gases
-overcoming humidity deficit caused by artificial airways

41
Q

humidity deficit definition

A

the amount needed to achieve full body saturated capacity at normal body temperature

42
Q

humidity deficit equation

A

44mg/L- __= __

43
Q

Bubble humidifier

A

-nonheated/nonvented
-15 to 20 mg/L
-oronasal theraphy
-moisture/if patient complains of dryness
-infection can spread
-2 nasal prongs goes in nose around ear

44
Q

Passover

A

-vented/heated
-simple reservoir/wicked/membrane
-air goes in heated up by cannula & goes to patient

45
Q

HME

A

-vented/nonheated
-70% body Humidity: 25mg/l in, 40% mg/L out
-have to take off when administering meds

46
Q

HME contradictions

A

-blood thick, secretions, mucous
-hypothermia (<37 degrees celsius/cold)
-low exhaled volume
-low minute volume

47
Q

aerosol definition

A

a suspension of water in a mist or vapor

48
Q

hazards for aerosol

A

-heat/burn
-overhydrate patient
-condensation in tube
-infection

49
Q

indications of aerosol

A

-mobility of pulmonary secretions
-administor medications
-post extubation edema (swelling)
-hydration

50
Q

Hypoxia definition

A

-low oxygen at tissue level
-no objective measurement
-common with hypoxia
-shock (body fails from infection spreading), poor perfusion (not enough circulation)

51
Q

hypoxemia definition

A

-low oxygen in the blood
-PaO2 (partial oxygen in the artery) <60mmHg
-SaO2 saturation of oxygen in the artery) <90%
-SPO2 (pulse oximeter that shows percentage of oxygen in the blood) <92%
-anemia factor (lack of red blood cells)

52
Q

4 different types of hypoxia

A
  1. anemic hypoxia
  2. histotoxic hypoxia
  3. hypoxemic hypoxia
  4. stagnant hypoxia
53
Q

Anemic Hypoxia

A

caused by reduced oxygen carrying capacity in the blood (low hemoglobin)

54
Q

histotoxic hypoxia

A

caused by impairment of oxidative enzyme mechanism of the cell (toxic, poison) alcohol poisoning

55
Q

hypoxemic hypoxia

A

caused by reduced oxygen content in the blood (low oxygen in the blood) low FIO2

56
Q

stagnant hypoxia

A

caused by poor perfusion (increased heart rate)n

57
Q

State indications for oxygen therapy

A

-hypoxemia (SaO2 <90%, <60mm Hg)
-increased work of breathing
-chronic hypoxia

58
Q

State hazards of oxygen therapy.

A

-O2 toxicity: too much oxygen can cause bronchopneumonia
-Hypoventilation: a hypoxic drive in copd, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), patient not being able to breath deep enough
-Retinopathy of prematurity: too much oxygen can cause children to go blind
-Atelectasis: n2 wash out, the nitrogen helps open alveoli

59
Q

Identify signs & symptoms of hypoxia

A

-Cardio (heart): tachycardia/ increased work of breathing
-Pulmonary (lungs): dyspnea shortness of breath
-CNS (brain): mental disturbance & impairment of special senses
-Skin: cyanosis bluish

60
Q

low oxygen delivery devices.

A
  • Does not meet all patients inspiratory rate
  • Air is diluted within O2
  • O2 provide <8L/min
  • O2 not precise due to air being diluted too
61
Q

Oxygen delivery system

A

a device used to administer/regulate and supplement oxygen to a subject that helps increase arterial oxegantion

62
Q

low flow devices works best when patients

A
  • Consistency of VT (tidal volume) 300-700 mg/l
  • Normal RR (respiratory rate) less than 25 per min
  • Regular ventilation pattern
63
Q

list different low flow devices

A
  1. nasal cannula
  2. nasal catheter
  3. transtracheal catheter
    4.nasal reservoir
    5.pendant reservoir
    6.simple mask
    7.partial rebreather mask
    8.nonrebreather mask
64
Q

High flow device system

A
  • O2 is precise
  • Meets all patients needs for inspiratory rate
65
Q

list different low flow devices

A
  1. air entrainment masks/ venturi mask
    2.aerosol mask
  2. blender
    4.face tent
  3. high flow nasal cannula
  4. hyperbaric oxygen therapy
    7.t-tube/t piece
    8.trachestomy collar

Resp 203 (4 decks)

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