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AP Lang > Summer Reading > Flashcards

Summer Reading Flashcards

Vocab

1
Q

Alliteration

A

The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables

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2
Q

Allusion

A

An indirect reference, often to another text or historic event.

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3
Q

Analogy

A

An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.

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4
Q

Anaphora

A

The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.

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5
Q

Anecdote

A

A short account of an interesting event

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6
Q

Annotation

A

Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.

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7
Q

Antecendent

A

The noun to which a later pronoun refers.

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8
Q

Antimetabole

A

The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen contrast.

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9
Q

Antithesis

A

Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.

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10
Q

Aphorism

A

A short, astute statement of a general truth.

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11
Q

Appostive

A

A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun

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12
Q

Aristotelian Triangle

A

A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (Also referred to as rhetorical triangle).

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13
Q

Assertation

A

An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.

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14
Q

Asyndeton

A

Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses. Attitude: The speaker’s position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.

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15
Q

Claim

A

An assertion, usually supported by evidence.

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16
Q

Colloquialism

A

An informal or conversational use of language.

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17
Q

Complex sentence

A

A sentence the includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

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18
Q

Concession

A

A reluctant acknowledgement or yielding.

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19
Q

Connotation

A

That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the words literal meaning (see denotation).

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20
Q

Context

A

The circumstances that may have influenced a message.

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21
Q

Counterargument

A

A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.

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22
Q

Cumulative sentence

A

An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail (also referred to as a loose sentence).

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23
Q

Declarative sentence

A

A sentence that makes a statement.

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24
Q

Denotation

A

The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition. Diction: Word choice.

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25
Q

Elegiac

A

Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.

26
Q

Ethos

A

A Greek term referring to the character of a person or their credibility

27
Q

Euphemism

A

Saying something harsh in a gentler way, or sugercoating something

28
Q

Exigence

A

The specific reason a message was created; the situation that prompted the writer to speak out.

29
Q

Hyperbole

A

Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.

30
Q

Imperative sentence

A

A sentence that requests or commands.

31
Q

Inversion

A

A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.

32
Q

Irony

A

A contradiction between what is said and what is meant in congruity between action and result.

33
Q

Juxtaposition

A

Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.

34
Q

Logos

A

A Greek term that means “word”; an appeal to logic

35
Q

Metaphor

A

A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making in implicit comparison.

36
Q

Metonymy

A

Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.

37
Q

Oxymoron

A

A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms

38
Q

Paradox

A

A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.

39
Q

Parallelism

A

The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.

40
Q

Parody

A

A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.

41
Q

Pathos

A

A Green term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion.

42
Q

Personification

A

Assigning lifelike characteristic to inanimate objects.

43
Q

Polysyndeton

A

The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions

44
Q

Premise

A

Major, minor Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded. Minor premise: All horses are mammals. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism).

45
Q

Propaganda

A

A negative term from writing designed to sway opinion rather the present information.

46
Q

Refute

A

To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.

47
Q

Rhetoric

A

The study of effective, persuasive language use; use of the “available means of persuasion.”

48
Q

Rhetorical Question

A

A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.

49
Q

Satire

A

An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.

50
Q

Scheme

A

A category of figurative language that involves structure or patterns in sentences, specifically balance, word order, omission, and repetition.

51
Q

Simile

A

A figure of speech that uses “like” or “as” to compare two things

52
Q

Straw man

A

A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, than attacking an opponent’s position.

53
Q

Subordinate Clause

A

created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.

54
Q

Syntax

A

Sentence structure.

55
Q

Synthesize

A

Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.

56
Q

Thesis Statement

A

A defensible statement of the central idea in a work.

57
Q

Tone

A

The speakers attitude toward the subject or audience.

58
Q

Trope

A

A category of figurative language that includes elements which affect the meaning and which can be subdivided into reference, wordplay, substitution, overstatement, and understatement.

59
Q

Understatement

A

Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.

60
Q

Voice

A

In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality on the style and tone of writing.

AP Lang (1 decks)

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