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English III > Summer Flashcards > Flashcards

Summer Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
0
Q

Allusion

A

An indirect reference

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1
Q

Alliteration

A

The same sound at the beginning or end of consecutive words

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2
Q

Analogy

A

An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things

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3
Q

Anaphora

A

Repetition of words at the begining of successive clauses

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4
Q

Anecdote

A

A short account of an interesting event

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5
Q

Antimetabole

A

Repetition of words in inverted order to sharpen a contrast

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6
Q

Antithesis

A

Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas

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7
Q

Aphorism

A

A short, astute statement of a general truth.

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8
Q

Appositive

A

A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.

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9
Q

Archaic Dictation

A

The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.

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10
Q

Argument

A

A statement put forth and supported by language

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11
Q

Aristotelian Triangle

A

A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship between the speaker, subject, and audience (see rhetorical triangle)

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12
Q

Assertion

A

An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an arguement

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13
Q

Assumption

A

A belief or statement without proof

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14
Q

Asyndeton

A

Leaving out conjunctions

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15
Q

Attitude

A

Speaker’s position on subject as revealed through tone

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16
Q

Audience

A

Listener or reader

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17
Q

Authority

A

Reliable, respected source

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18
Q

Bias

A

Prejudice or predisposition

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19
Q

Cite

A

Identifying a piece of writing as being derived from a source.

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20
Q

Claim

A

Assertion usually supported by evidence

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21
Q

Close Reading

A

A careful reading that is attentive to the literary and structural elements of a text

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22
Q

Colloquial/ism

A

Informal or conversational use of language

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23
Q

Common Ground

A

Shared beliefs, values, or positions

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25
Q

Complex Sentence

A

Sentence with an independent clause and at least one dependent clause

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26
Q

Concession

A

A reluctant knowledge or yielding

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27
Q

Connotation

A

That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word’s literal
meaning (see denotation)

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28
Q

Context

A

Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.

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29
Q

Coordination

A

Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often

through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but.

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30
Q

Counterargument

A

A challenge to a position; an opposing argument

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31
Q

Cumulative Sentence

A

An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or

phrases that supply additional detail

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32
Q

Declarative Sentence

A

A sentence that makes a statement.

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33
Q

Deductive

A

Reasoning from general to specific.

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34
Q

Denotation

A

The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.

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35
Q

Diction

A

Word choice

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36
Q

Documentation

A

Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of
writing.

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37
Q

Elegiac

A

Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.

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38
Q

Epigram

A

A brief witty statement.

39
Q

Ethos

A

A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle’s
three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos).

40
Q

Figurative Language

A

The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal

meaning to achieve literary effect.

41
Q

Figure of Speech

A

An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying
a literal meaning.

42
Q

Hyperbole

A

Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.

43
Q

Imagery

A

Vivid use of language that evokes a reader’s senses (sight, smell, taste,
touch, hearing).

44
Q

Imperative Sentence

A

A sentence that requests or commands.

45
Q

Induction

A

Reasoning from specific to general.

46
Q

Inversion

A

A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.

47
Q

Irony

A

A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between
action and result.

48
Q

Juxtaposition

A

Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.

49
Q

Logos

A

A Greek term that means “word”; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle’s
three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos)

50
Q

Metaphor

A

A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as
though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.

51
Q

Metonymy

A

Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.

52
Q

Occasion

A

An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.

53
Q

Oxymoron

A

A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms.

54
Q

Paradox

A

A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true

55
Q

Parallelism

A

The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.

56
Q

Parody

A

A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another;
used for comic effect or ridicule.

57
Q

Pathos

A

A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with
broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle’s three rhetorical appeals (see
ethos and logos).

58
Q

Persona

A

The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of
writing.

59
Q

Personification

A

Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.

60
Q

Polemic

A

An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or
religion.

61
Q

Polysyndeton

A

The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.

62
Q

Premise

A

Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a
syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the
minor premise.
Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded.
Minor premise: All horses are mammals
Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism).

63
Q

Propaganda

A

A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than
present information.

64
Q

Purpose

A

One’s intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.

65
Q

Refute

A

To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument

66
Q

Retoric

A

The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle,
use of the “available means of persuasion.”

67
Q

Rhetorical Modes

A

Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose;
modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison
and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and
division, process analysis, and argumentation.

68
Q

Rhetorical Question

A

A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon

an answer.

69
Q

Rhetorical Triangle

A

A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship
among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian
triangle

70
Q

Satire

A

An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something,
but actually argues against it.

71
Q

Scheme

A

A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.

72
Q

Sentence Pattern

A

The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses
into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or
compound-complex.

73
Q

Sentence Variety

A

Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect

74
Q

Simile

A

A figure of speech that uses “like” or “as” to compare two things.

75
Q

Simple Sentence

A

A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent
clause

76
Q

Source

A

A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.

77
Q

Speaker

A

A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective
(real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing.

78
Q

Straw Man

A

A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position;
misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent’s position

79
Q

Style

A

The distinctive qualitiy of speech or writing created by the selection and
arrangement of words and figures of speech.

80
Q

Subject

A

In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.

81
Q

Subordinate Clause

A

Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies
an independent clause.

82
Q

Subordination

A

The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.

83
Q

Syllogism

A

A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported
by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor).

84
Q

Syntax

A

Sentence Structure

85
Q

Synthesize

A

Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce
something more complex.

86
Q

Thesis

A

The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.

87
Q

Thesis Statement

A

A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or
implicit.

88
Q

Tone

A

The speaker’s attitude toward the subject or audience.

89
Q

Topic Sentence

A

A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph,
that announces the paragraph’s idea and often unites it with the work’s
thesis

90
Q

Trope

A

Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure
of speech.

91
Q

Understatement

A

Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language
often used for ironic effect.

92
Q

Voice

A

In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active
or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of
writing.

93
Q

Zeugma

A

A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or
governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more
words in a sentence.

English III (2 decks)

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