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Pharmacology > Summer Exam I - Infections & Treatments > Flashcards

Summer Exam I - Infections & Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Cellulitis Non-purulent Treatment

A

Mild - PCN, Keflex, Dicloxacillin, Clindamycin
Moderate - [Keflex, Cefazolin, Cefadroxil] OR [Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefdinir, Ceftiraxone] OR Clindamycin
Severe - Vancomycin + Cefepime

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2
Q

Cellulitis Purulent Treatment

A

Mild - I&D
Moderate - I&D, Bactrim, Clindamycin, Doxycycline *possibly adding [Keflex, Cefazolin, Cefadroxil} to Bactrim or Doxycycline
Severe- I&D, Vancoymcin, Daptomycin, Linezolid *in sepsis, add Cefepime or [Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefdinir, Ceftriaxone]

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3
Q

Orbital Cellulitis Treatment

A

Ophthalmologic consult
IV Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone

If pt wears contacts, IV [Vancomycin + Zosyn] OR [Vancomycin + Cefepime + Flagyl] OR [Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone + Flagyl]

If intracranial/sinus involvement, add either Flagyl, Clindamycin, Unasyn, or Zosyn

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4
Q

Community-Acquired MRSA Treatment

A

Bactrim, Clindamycin, Doxycycline

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5
Q

Impetigo Treatment

A

Mupirocin and handwashing

If severe, Mupirocin + Keflex

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6
Q

DM Foot Infection Treatment

A

Augmentin, Keflex, Clindamycin, Ciprofloxacin

If severe, [Vancomycin + Cefepime + Flagyl] OR [Vancoymcin + Zosyn]

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7
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis treatment

A

Surgical evaluation

Vancomycin + Cefepime + Clindamycin (for toxin binding)

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8
Q

Animal Bites Treatment

A

Augmentin OR [Doxycycline + Flagyl] OR [Bactrim + Flagyl] OR [Cipro + Flagyl] OR moxiflocaxin

Possible rabies prophylaxis

For prophylaxis from capnocytophaga canimorsus, Augumentin x 5 days after bite

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9
Q

Human Bites Treatment

A

Augmentin

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10
Q

Folliculitis Treatment

A

I&D, warm compress

Mupriocin, Cipro, Levofloxacin (IV if severe)

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11
Q

Herpes Simplex & Keratitis Treatment

A

Acyclovir OR Valacyclovir

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12
Q

Herpes Zoster & Zoster Ophthalmicus Treatment

A

Acyclovir OR Valacyclovir
Analgesia (NSAIDs, opioids, acetaminophen)

+ topical steroids, if progressive, do IV Acyclovir x 10-14 days THEN PO Valacyclovir x 6 weeks

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13
Q

Tinea Capitus Treatment

A

Griseofulvin

Terbinafine

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14
Q

Tinea Pedis Treatment

A

Azoles (Clotrimazole, Miconazole)

Toinaftate, Terbinafine

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15
Q

Tinea Cruris Treatment

A

Topical azoles

Terbinafine, Toinaftate

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16
Q

Tinea Corporis Treatment

A

Topical azoles
Fluconazole
Griseofulvin

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17
Q

Onychomycosis Treatment

A

Terbinafine

Fingernail x 6 weeks
Toenail x 12 weeks

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18
Q

Intertrigo Treatment

A

Azoles
Topical Nystatin
Dry environment

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19
Q

Lice & Scabies Treatment

A

Permethrin

For head lice, Ivermectin

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20
Q

Conjunctivitis Treatment

A

Bacterial
Erythromycin ointment
Polytrim Drops
Ofloxacin, Cipro

Viral
Topical antihistamines
Warm compress
Eye lubricants

Allergic
Topical antihistamines
Systemic antihistamines

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21
Q

Otitis Externa Treatment

A

Cipro + Hydrocortisone (Cipro HC)

Neomycin/Polymyxin/Hydrocortisone (Cortisporin)

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22
Q

Otitis Media Treatment

A

Augmentin (90mg/kg/day BID x 10 days)
Cefdinir OR Doxycycline OR Azithromycin OR Levofloxacin

If TMs are perforated, they usually heal spontaneously, but don’t use steroids

23
Q

Mastoiditis Treatment

A

IV Vancomycin

If recurrent, [Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone] OR [Vancomycin + Cefepime]

24
Q

Dental Infection Treatment

A

IV Unasyn OR [Clindamycin + Levofloxacin] OR [Ceftriaxone + Flagyl]
PO Augmentin x 7-14 days OR Clindamycin, PCN V

25
Q

Sinusitis Treatment

A

Viral
Nasal and oral decongestants
Expectorants
NS

Bacterial
Augmentin x 5-7 days OR Doxycycline OR Moxifloxacin

26
Q

Pharyngitis Treatment

A

PCN OR Amoxicillin x 10 days
Benxathine PCN x 1 dose
Clindamycin OR Keflex OR Azithromycin

27
Q

Mononucleosis Treatment

A

Acetaminophen, NSAIDs

Corticosteriods if airway threatening

28
Q

Epiglottitis Treatment

A

Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone

Surgical Intervention

29
Q

Oral Candidiasis Treatment

A

Clotrimazole troches
Nystatin rinses
Fluconazole PO x 7-14 days OR 14-21 days if severe

30
Q

Osteomyelitis Treatment

A

MSSA - Nafcillin OR Cefazolin IV
MRSA - Vancomycin
Pseudomonas - Cipro, Cefepime, Zosyn
Anaerobic - Clindamycin, Flagyl

31
Q

Septic Arthritis Treatment

A

Non-gonococcal - [Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone + Cipro] and I&D

Gonococcal - Ceftriaxone IV x 7 days and Surgical Intervention

32
Q

Natural PCN Covers

A

Strep, Syphilis

Also N. meningitis, pasteurella, clostridai tetani, listeria

33
Q

Anti-staph PCN Covers

A

Staph, Syphilis, Strep

34
Q

AminoPCN Covers

A

Gram pos - staph, strep, listeria, enterococcus

Gram neg - shigella, E coli, H flu, proteus, pasteurella

35
Q

Beta lactamas inhibitors Cover

A

Gram pos, gram neg anaerobes

*Zosyn covers pseudomonas

36
Q

Cephalosporins Cover

A

Gram pos - staph, strep (5th gen covers MRSA)
Gram neg - E coli, Klebsiella, proteus, H flu, N meningitis, Moraxella
Anaerobes - pseudomonas (4th gen)

37
Q

Carbapenems Cover

A

Gram pos - staph and strep (Ertapenem doesn’t cover MRSA)
Gram neg - (Ertapenem doesn’t cover these)
Anaerobes - ESBL-producing bacteria

38
Q

Monobactams Cover

A

Gram neg including pseudomonas

39
Q

Vancomycin Covers

A

Staph (MRSA), strep, enterococcus, C diff

40
Q

Daptomycin Covers

A

Gram pos - staph, strep, enterococcus (MRSA & VRE)

41
Q

Fosomycin Covers

A

Gram neg - E coli, staph saprophyticus, Klebsiella, proteus

UTI (Cystitis)

42
Q

Polymyxins Cover

A

MDR gram neg: Enterobacter, E coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas

43
Q

Aminoglycosides Cover

A

Gram neg including pseudomonas, acinebacter, serratia, proteus

With Beta lactams, cover gram pos cocci

44
Q

Tetracyclines Cover

A

Atypicals, spirochetes, plasmodium, staph (CA-MRSA), strep pneumoniae, enterococci, anaerobes

45
Q

Tigecycline covers

A

Gram pos including MRSA, VRE

Gram neg including EBSL (But not pseudomonas)

46
Q

Macrolides cover

A

Atypicals, H flu, H pylori, Moraxella catarrhalis, mycobacterium, strep pneumoniae

47
Q

Fidaxocicin Covers

A

C diff

48
Q

Clindamycin Covers

A 
Gram pos aerobes and anaerobes (peptostreptococcus, staph, and strep)
Gram neg (fusobacterium, bacterioides)
49
Q

Linezolid Covers

A

Gram pos cocci (Staph, strep, enterococcus) including MRSA, VRE

50
Q

Bactrim Covers

A

Staph (CA-MRSA), H flu, Stentrophomonas, Listeria, Pneumocytis jirovecii, toxoplasma gondii, E coli, strep pneumo, salmonella

51
Q

Fluoroquinolones Cover

A

Gram neg bacilli - E coli, salmonella, Shigella, enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Serratia, H flu, Pseudomonas
Gram pos cocci - Staph (MSSA), enterococci, strep pneumo
Atypicals - Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Bucella, Mycobacterium

52
Q

Metronidazole Covers

A

Anaerobes - Bacterioides, Clostridium, Fusobacterium

Protozoa - trichomonas, giardia

53
Q

Nitrofurantoin Covers

A

E coli, Staph saprophyticus

UTI (cystitis)

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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