Summer Assignment 2015-2016

Question 1

Alliteration

Answer 1

The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.

Question 2

Allusion

Answer 2

An indirect reference, often to another text or historic event.

Question 3

Analogy

Answer 3

An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.

Question 4

Anaphora

Answer 4

The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses

Question 5

Anecdote

Answer 5

A short account of an interesting event.

Question 6

Annotation

Answer 6

Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.

Question 7

Antimetabole

Answer 7

The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.

Question 8

Antithesis

Answer 8

Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.

Question 9

Antecedent

Answer 9

The noun to which a later pronoun refers.

Question 11

Aphorism

Answer 11

A short astute statement of a general truth.

Question 12

Appositive

Answer 12

A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.

Question 13

Archaic diction

Answer 13

The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.

Question 14

Argument

Answer 14

A statement put forth and supported by evidence.

Question 15

Aristotelian triangle

Answer 15

A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle).

Question 16

Assertion

Answer 16

An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.

Question 16

Assumption

Answer 16

A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.

Question 16

Asyndeton

Answer 16

Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses (is this a joke? 😂).

Question 17

Attitude

Answer 17

The speaker’s position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.

Question 18

Audience

Answer 18

One’s listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.

Question 19

Authority

Answer 19

A reliable, respected source- someone with knowledge.

Question 20

Bias

Answer 20

Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.

Question 21

Cite

Answer 21

Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.

Question 22

Claim

Answer 22

An assertion, usually supported by evidence.

Question 23

Close reading

Answer 23

A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.

Question 24

Colloquial/ism

Answer 24

An informal or conversational use of language.

Question 25

Common ground

Answer 25

Shared beliefs, values, or positions.

Question 26

Complex sentence

Answer 26

A sentence that included one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Question 27

Concession

Answer 27

A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding

Question 28

Connotation

Answer 28

That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation).

Question 29

Context

Answer 29

Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.

Question 30

Coordination

Answer 30

Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as "and", or "but".

Question 31

Counterargument

Answer 31

A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.

Question 32

Declarative sentence

Answer 32

A sentence that makes a statement.

Question 33

Deduction

Answer 33

Reasoning from general to specific (see induction).

Question 34

Denotation

Answer 34

The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition (see connotation).

Question 35

Diction

Answer 35

Word choice.

Question 36

Documentation

Answer 36

Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.

Question 37

Elegiac

Answer 37

Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.

Question 38

Ethos

Answer 38

A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos).

Question 39

Figurative language

Answer 39

The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.

Question 40

Figure of speech

Answer 40

An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.

Question 41

Hyperbole

Answer 41

Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.

Question 42

Imagery

Answer 42

Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).

Question 43

Imperative sentence

Answer 43

A sentence that requests or commands.

Question 44

Induction

Answer 44

Reasoning from specific to general (see deduction).

Question 45

Inversion

Answer 45

A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.

Question 46

Irony

Answer 46

A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.

Question 47

Juxtaposition

Answer 47

Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.

Question 48

Logos

Answer 48

A Greek term that means "words"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos).

Question 49

Metaphor

Answer 49

A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.

Question 50

Metonymy

Answer 50

Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.

Question 51

Oxymoron

Answer 51

A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms.

Question 52

Paradox

Answer 52

A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.

Question 53

Parallelism

Answer 53

The depiction of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns

Question 54

Parody

Answer 54

A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.

Question 55

Pathos

Answer 55

A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos).

Question 56

Persona

Answer 56

The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.

Question 57

Polysyndeton

Answer 57

The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.

Question 58

Premise (major/minor)

Answer 58

Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. Major: All mammals are warm-blooded Minor: All horses are mammals Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded

Question 59

Propaganda

Answer 59

A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information

Question 60

Purpose

Answer 60

One's intention of objective in a speech or piece of writing.

Question 61

Refute

Answer 61

To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.

Question 62

Rhetoric

Answer 62

The art of speaking or writing effectively.

Question 63

Rhetorical modes

Answer 63

Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrasts cause and effect, definition, exemplifies room, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.

Question 64

Rhetorical question

Answer 64

A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.

Question 65

Rhetorical triangle

Answer 65

A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle)

Question 66

Satire

Answer 66

An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.

Question 67

Sentence patterns

Answer 67

The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions- such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.

Question 68

Sentence variety

Answer 68

Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.

Question 69

Simile

Answer 69

A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things.

Question 70

Simple sentence

Answer 70

A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause.

Question 71

Source

Answer 71

A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for more information.

Question 72

Speaker

Answer 72

A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing.

Question 73

Straw man

Answer 73

A logical fallacy that involved the creating of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking the opponent's position.

Question 74

Style

Answer 74

The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.

Question 75

Subject

Answer 75

In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.

Question 76

Subordinate clause

Answer 76

A clause that modified an independent clause, created by a subordinating conjunction.

Question 77

Subordination

Answer 77

The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.

Question 78

Syllogism

Answer 78

A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major and minor)

Question 79

Syntax

Answer 79

Sentence structure

Question 80

Synthesize

Answer 80

Combining or bring together two or more elements to produce something more complex.

Question 81

Thesis

Answer 81

The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.

Question 82

Thesis statement

Answer 82

A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit.

Question 83

Tone

Answer 83

The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.

Question 84

Topic sentence

Answer 84

A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph that announces the paragraph's idea and often unties it with the work's thesis.

Question 85

Trope

Answer 85

Artful diction; the use of language in a no literal way; also called a figure of speech.

Question 86

Understatement

Answer 86

Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.

Question 87

Voice

Answer 87

In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.

Question 88

Zeugma

Answer 88

A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modified or governs- often in different, sometimes incongruent ways- two or more words in a sentence.