Summer 2023 Review Flashcards
Where do action potentials form?
Axon Initial Segment
Where in the cell is NA+ high?
Outside the cell
What is the resting membrane potential?
-70 mV
Where in the cell is K+ high?
Inside the cell
If something positive enters the cell and it becomes more positive it is called _______
Depolarization
What is the resting membrane potential?
-70 mV
What is a synapse?
A place where two nerve cells come in very close proximity to one another and send signals
What is the resting membrane potential?
-70 mV
The _______ is a portion of the basal ganglia that receives dopamine signals from the substantia nigra.
striatum
What is the index of the world’s leading scholarly journals in the sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities called?
Web of Science
What are the two preprint servers called?
BioRxiv and MedRxiv
What are two components of the SNARE complex?
synaptobrevin and syntaxin
What receptor does muscarine (in poison mushrooms) activate?
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
What is the name of the disorder causing a person to physically act out their dreams?
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
What is the name of the substance that builds up in the guts of sleep deprived animals?
ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species)
In what receptor were mutations found in narcoleptic dogs?
Orexin/Hypocretin Receptors
What is the relationship of the three hunger hormones (Leptin, Ghrelin, Insulin)?
Insulin and Leptin = direct relationship (because when leptin is high you are full so you just ate which means your blood sugar is high, which means you need insulin to break down blood glucose)
Leptin and Ghrelin = indirect relationship (because when leptin is high you are full since you just ate which means you aren’t hungry which is what high Ghrelin makes you feel)
Insulin and Ghrelin = indirect relationship (because of the combination of the previous two relationships)
What is the definition of sleep? (make sure to remember the important keyword(s) we talked about)
A NORMAL and REVERSIBLE suspension of consciousness
What heroin do?
Heroin binds to the opiate receptor (for pain, stress, and emotional control), which then blocks the inhibitory neurotransmitters, so DOPAMINE is released.
What ecstasy do?
Ecstasy goes through and messes up serotonin transporter, so the transporter reverses and releases SEROTONIN.
What is motivation?
something that makes behavior more likely to occur or increases persistence
What marijuana do?
Marijuana (THC) binds to cannabinoid receptor (for removing short memory, causing slow movement), which then blocks the inhibitory neurotransmitters, so DOPAMINE is released.
What are two places in the brain that have major sources of dopamine?
Central Tegmental Area (VTA)
Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc)
_______ and _______ are the two major sources of dopamine in the brain
Ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc)